Define: Law

1) How they regulate behavior

2) If they impose a duty

3) If they grant a power

4) Procedural laws

5) Substantive

6) criminal

7) civil

What are Constitutuions?

What is legislation?

What is a statute(s)

• it begins as a bill in either congress or house: it is read
• commitee votes on
• if passed then goes to the senate
• if passed then goes to the house
• if passed then it goes to president
• 2/3 congress vote to overide veto of president
• bill becomes an act/code and a law when president signs

• Propose a bill
• help legislatiors draft bills
• submit written statements to committess on bills
• or oral testimonies at committee hearings

1. It can create social programs and tax citz. to raise money for it.
2. It can create an administrative agency to enforce and produce the law on its own.
3. it can establish new rights and obligation of citizen or out law certain contuct
4. it can not be inconsistent with the Constitution

What are court-made Laws

Government have statutes that set forth the process by which regulations are to be promulgated. they are found in something called an Advinistrative Procedures Act

By drafting regulations, alone or with legal staff. But usually by indirect roles such as reviewing publications or websites where proposed regulations are published. Suggest possible regulatory changes to an angency directly or to the interest group which you are affiliated.

Rules that are not promulgated make things difficult for those outside the agency who must deal with the agency.

Constitutional princibles expressly set forth in th 10th ammen. that the "powers not delegated to the us by the constitniution nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respecively or to the people.

a few specific powers, like providing for the national security and establishing a nataion system of currancey.

one of three books that contain statutes. session laws contain all the statutes in jurisdition printed exactly as they were enacted in the order which they were enacted.

Legislature enacts a whol scheme that includes many rules in a roup of many different statues. it is often called an act or a code.

excutive branch of govenment makes laws, too, at fed. stat. and local levels. these laws that are generated are called regulations  or rules. or delgated legislation because the legislative body delegates its power to creat law. the process of producing a regulations is call promulgation.

Begins as a Bill, all the acts are found in the one bill, but each will be individually numbered.

Groupings may include titles, articles, or chapters.

State Laws (p.21)

NAFTA

Noth American Free Trade Agreement

Implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) began on January 1, 1994. This agreement will remove most barriers to trade and investment among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Means "Stand by decision"

If a prior case has significant facts that are similar to the facts of the case before the court, a court in ths same jusidiction as the court that decided the similar and lower in th hierachy is required to follow the ruling of law in the similar case and come to the same result. the earlier case established the precedent.

trial court

district court or cuircut cout

need standing

Jurisdiction

 In order to consider a case a court must have at least two different kinds of juristiction.

1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction-over the type of issues involved
2. Personal jusridiction-geographical or territorianl jurisdiction over the parties

1. family court-family and juvenile matters
2. probate court-estates after death
3. chancery/equity courts-civil claims other than $
4. courts of claims-claims for $ against govern.
5. small claims courts-between individs. simple
6. housing courts-low level,landlord/tenant

two levels:

1. Court of Appeals-intermediate
2. Supreme Court (court of last resort) may accept or refuse to hear

Cases are appealed from trial court to intermediate then to supreme court

When reading a case:

• Issue: first page
• Rule: sometimes first page-what is rule of law
• Application-How was the rule used
• Conclusion-How did the conclusion come about

a tool for finind cases that interpet a statute, precendent, and for determining if a cas has been overruled or distinguised.

Has citations, without case names, some computerized services

How many judges on appellate court

Session Laws

contain all the statues in a jurisdiction printed exactly as they were enacted and in the order they were inacted.

they rarely enact a single statute, but enact a whole legislative scheme

Act

What happens when a bill is introduced?

It is assigned a number reflecting the chamber in which it has been introduced, like the senate bill(SB) or House bill (HB).

The book where the grouped statues are, also known as revised statutes. When statutes are codified they are renumbered

Annotated Codified Statutes

reference books by private companies that interpet statutes. The two versions are:

1. The US Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.)
2. The U.S. Code Service (U.S. C.S.)