Term
| typical onset of schizophrenias |
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Definition
males often have early onset, 18-25 years, have poorer premorbid adjustment, more evidence of structural brain abnormalities and more prominent neg. symptoms
women usually have onset at 25-35 years, less structural abnormalities and better outcomes |
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Term
| percentage of substance abuse d/o's in people with schizophrenia |
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Definition
40-50%
associated with negative outcomes like violence, homelessness, suicide, and HIV |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from the study of the action of antipsychotic drugs that block D2 dopamine recepters in the brain there by limiting the activity of dopamine. |
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Term
| alternative biochemical hypotheses |
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Definition
came from the development of atypical drugs that block serotonin.
Glutamate is another neurotransmitter thats important during nerual maturation |
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Term
| neuroanatomical findings in schizo |
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Definition
| disruptions in the connections and communication within neural circuitry are thought to be in sever schizophrenia. other brain abnormalities include enlargement of lateral cerebral ventricals, and cortical, cerebellar and frontal lobe atrophy. |
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Term
| ___ volume of ____ matter, especailly in the temporal and ______ lobes |
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Definition
| REDUCED volume of GREY matter, especailly in the temporal and FRONTAL lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| Affect, associative looseness, autism, and ambivalance. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the outward manifestation of a persona feelings and emotions. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to haphazard and confused thinking that is manifested in jumbled and illogical speech and reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to thinking that is not bound to reality but reflects the private perceptual world of the individual. EX: includes delusion, hallucinations, and neologisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to simultaneously holding two opposite emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes toward the same person, situation, or object |
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Term
| subtypes of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, residual, and undifferentiated. |
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Term
| early prepsychotic symptoms |
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Definition
| withdrawn from others, express vague or unrealistic plans regarding the future, complaints about anxiety, misinterpreting the enviroment, |
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Term
| favorable prognostic sign |
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Definition
abrupt onset of symptoms with good premorbid functioning
-those with prepsychotic personalities show good social, sexual, and occupational functioning have a greater chance of recovery |
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Term
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Definition
| hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and paranoia |
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Term
| positive symptoms are associated with... |
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Definition
| acute onset, normal premorbid functioning, normal social functioning, normal CT findings, and favorable response to medication |
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Term
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Definition
| are most often defined as false fixed beleifs that cannot be corrected by reasoning, usually involves themes like persecution, jealousy, control, somatic sensations, and ideas of reference |
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Term
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Definition
| misconstruing travial events and remarks and giving them personal signiticance |
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Term
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Definition
| the false belief that one is a very powerful and important person |
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Term
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Definition
| false belief that the body is changing in an unusual way (rotting from inside out) |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that ones thoughts can be heard by others |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that thoughts of others are being inserted into ones mind |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that thoughts have been removed from ones mind by an outside agency |
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Term
| delusion of being controlled |
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Definition
| belief that ones body or mind is controlled by an outside agency |
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Term
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Definition
| an overemphasis on specific details and impairment in the ability to use abstract concepts, answers are literal, they loose the ability to think abstractly |
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Term
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Definition
| are the threads that tie one thought to another and one concept to another, in this, these threads are missing and connections are interupted |
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Term
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Definition
| are words a person makes up that have special |
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Term
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Definition
| is the pathological repeating of anojthers word by imitation and is often seen in people with catatonia |
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Term
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Definition
| is the meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner, in which the rhyming is often more important then the context of the word |
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Term
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Definition
| is a term used to identify a jumble of words that is meaningless to the listener and perhaps to the speaker as well |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as sensory perceptions for which no external stimulus exsist. includes all 5 senses |
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Term
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Definition
| ppl with schizo lack the ability to sense where thier bodies end in relation to where others begin |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing voices that tell the person to do something. must assess these carefully, may signal a psychiatric emergancy |
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Term
alterations in behavior
-bizarre behaviors- |
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Definition
| extreme motor agitation, stereotyped behaviors, automatic obedience, waxy flexibility, stupor, and negativism |
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Term
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Definition
| motor patterns that originally had meaning to the person (ex sweeping the floor) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the performance by a catatonic client of all simple commands in a robotlike fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in catatonia, is evidenced by excessive maintenance of posture. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a state in which the catatonic client is motionless for long periods of time and may appear is in coma |
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Term
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Definition
| like grabing another cig, throwing food on floor, and changing channels on TV excessively |
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Term
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Definition
| EX: apathy, anhedonia, poor social functioning, poverty of thought, |
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Term
| negative symtoms are associated with... |
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Definition
| insidious onset, premorbid hx of emotional problems, chronic deterioration, abnormal neuropsychological test, and poor response to antipsychotic therapy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inability to experience pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| poverty of content of speech |
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Definition
| conveys little information bc vagueness, repetitions, or use of obscure phrases |
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Term
| clinical focus for phase 1 |
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Definition
| safety, symptom stabilization, social supports, stress and vulnerability assessment, living arrangements, social support, and ADLs |
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Term
| clincial focus for phase 2 |
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Definition
| understanding and acceptance of illness |
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Term
| clincal focus for stage 3 (stablilization) |
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Definition
| social, vocational and self care skills, learning and relearning, identification of realistic expectations, and adaption to deficits |
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Term
| interventions on phase 1 (acute) |
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Definition
| psychosocial evaluation, limit setting, supportive and directive care, and meeting with family |
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Term
| interventions for stage 2 |
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Definition
| support and teaching, medication teaching and side effect management, identification of prodromal and acute signs of relapse, and continued psychoeducational work with family prn |
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Term
| interventions for stage 3 |
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Definition
| atttention to details of self care, social and work functioning, direct intervention with family and employers, medication maintance, |
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Term
| the key component nursing intervention for effective tx in stage 2 and 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| techniques to use when pt is talking with associative looseness |
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Definition
| do not pretend to act like you know what they are talking about, tell the client you are having a hard time understanding them and place the difficulty of understanding them on yourself, not on them! also emphasize whats going on in the immediate emviroment (give reality) |
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Term
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Definition
| can improve level of social activity, foster social contacts, improve quality of life, and help lower anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| improves cognitive function, helps imrpove coping with symptoms and the disease itself and everyday problems |
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Term
| cognitive adaptation training |
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Definition
| aimed at improving adaptive functioning and compensating for the cognitive impairment associated with schizos |
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Term
| cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| aims to change abnormal thoughts or responses to hallucinations through coping strategies such as listening to music or drawing |
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Term
| atypical antipsychotic drugs work how and affect what symptoms? |
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Definition
serotonin and dopamine antagonist
-effects both positive and neg. symptoms |
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Term
| _______ drugs are chosen as first line antipsychotic drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| some characteristics of atypical antipsychotics drugs |
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Definition
| produce minimal to no extrapyramidal side effects, may improve neurocognitive defects assicated with schizo, target neurocognitive symptoms, associated with lower relapse rates |
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Term
| ______ is an atypical antipsychotic drug that causes agranulocytosis |
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Definition
| closapine, therefore you have to take WBC counts weekly for the first 6 months of therapy and frequent monitoring there after |
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Term
| olanzapine, quetiapine (seroquel), ziprasidone (geodon), and aripiprazole (abilify) are all examples of _________ antipsychotic drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| common side effects of aytpical drugs |
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Definition
| weight gain, glucose dysregulation, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diminished self esteem from weight gain |
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Term
| typical antipschyotics work by and treat what symtpoms? |
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Definition
| dopamine antagonist and works against positive symptoms |
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Term
| advantages and disadvantages of typical drugs |
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Definition
+ : they are less expensive and come in depot form
-: have really bad side effects and only tx postive symtpoms |
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Term
| why is it important to know if someone is taking typical drugs and has a seizure d/o? |
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Definition
| b.c all traditional antipsychotic drugs can cause tardive dyskinesia which can lower the seizure threshold |
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Term
| side effects of typical antipsychotic drugs |
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Definition
| anticholinergic symptoms, extrapyramidal side effects, cardiovascular effects, and rare and toxic effects |
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Term
| anticholinergic symtptoms from typical drugs |
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Definition
| dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, photosnesitivity, dry eyes, and impotence in men. |
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Term
| extrapyramidal side effects |
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Definition
| pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystonic reactions, akathisia, and tardive syskinesia |
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Term
| define pseadoparksinsonims |
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Definition
| stiff stooped posture, shuffling gait, drooling, tremors, and maslike facies |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of tongue, neck, face, back and jaw |
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Term
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Definition
| motor innerdriven restlessness like tapping foot excessively or shifting weight side to side |
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Term
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Definition
---no known tx!!! and not reversible---
facial: protruding of tongue, spastic facial distortion, smacking of lips
limbs: choreic (rapid, purposeless irregular movements) and athetoid (slow complex and serpentine movements)
trunk: neck and should movements, dramatic hip jerks and rocking, twisting pelvic thrusts |
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Term
| cardiovascular effects of typical drugs |
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Definition
| hypotension and tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| agranulocytosis, cholestatic jaundice, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Term
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Definition
characterized by a decreased LOC, greatly increased muscle tone, and autonomic dysfunction like hyperpyrexia,hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and drooling.
tx: stop meds, management of fluid balance, decrease temp, and monitor for complications |
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Term
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Definition
| paranoia, disorganized, catatonic, residual, and undifferentiated |
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Term
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Definition
-any intense and strongly defended irrational suspicion and cannot be modified by facts or reality.
-includes hallucinations and delusions, no disorganized speech or behavior, no inappropriate affect
-projections is the most common defense mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
| when pt frequently misinterprets the messages of others or gives provate meaning to the communication of others....happens often in paranoia |
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Term
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Definition
| motor immobility (waxy flexibility and stupor), excessive purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiar voluntary movement (posturing, stereotyped movements, prominent mannerisns and grimaces) and echolalia or echopraxis |
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Term
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Definition
-disorganized speech and behavoir and inappropriate affect
-delusions and hallucinations if present are not prominent or fragmented
-associated features include grimacing, mannerisms, and other oddities of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| no longer with active phase symptoms however, have marked social isolation, impairment of role function, eccentric behaviors, impairment of personal hygiene, anergia, and blunted/inappropriate affect |
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Term
| undifferentiated schizo d/o |
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Definition
| have active phase symtptoms but no one clincal presentation dominates. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal involuntary movements...test for detection of tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| during excited catatonic schizo, what is the main self need that the nurse needs to think about |
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Definition
| b.c of the hyperactivity, safety is number one, but during this time of increased activity the client needs extra fluids, calories, and rest. |
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Term
| disorganized schizo; associative factors on normal onset |
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Definition
associated with poor premorbid functioning, sign. family history w/ d/o's, and a poor prognosis.
onset is usually early age and develops insidiously |
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