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Latin and Greek roots
Latin and Greek root words often found in biology vocabulary
163
Biology
9th Grade
02/03/2010
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Term
a-, an-
 Definition
lacking, without, as in “atrophy, amoral’
Term
ab-
 Definition
away from, as in “abnormal”
Term
ad-
 Definition
to, as in “adhesive”
Term
alb-
 Definition
white, as in “albino”
Term
amphi-
 Definition
both, as in “amphibian”
Term
ana-
 Definition
to cut apart, as in “anaphase, analyze”
Term
angio-
 Definition
vessel, as in “angiosperm”
Term
anthropo-
 Definition
humans, as in “anthropology”
Term
anti-
 Definition
against, as in “anticlimax”
Term
apt-
 Definition
fit, suited, as in “adaptation, adapt”
Term
aqua-
 Definition
water, as in “aquarium, aquatic”
Term
archae-
 Definition
ancient, as in “archaebacteria”
Term
arthr-
 Definition
joint, as in “arthropod, arthritis”
Term
atm-
 Definition
air, gas, as in “atmosphere”
Term
audi-
 Definition
sound, as in “audience, audible”
Term
auto-
 Definition
self, , as in “autotroph, automatic”
Term
bi-
 Definition
two, double, as in “bilayer, bicycle”
Term
bio-
 Definition
life, living, as in “biology”
Term
bry-
 Definition
blossom, bloom, ,moss, as in “embryo, bryophyte”
Term
carb-
 Definition
carbon, as in “carbohydrate”
Term
card-
 Definition
heart, as in “cardiac muscle”
Term
carn-
 Definition
flesh, meat, as in “carnivore”
Term
caryo, -karyo
 Definition
nucleus, as in “eukaryote”
Term
cede, -cess
 Definition
moving, go away, as in “procedure, concede, succession, secede”
Term
cell-
 Definition
chamber, as in “cellular”
Term
chlor-
 Definition
green, as in “chlorophyll”
Term
chord-
 Definition
flexible rod, cord, as in “chordate”
Term
chrono-
 Definition
time, as in “chronology”
Term
cid-
 Definition
to fall, befall, as in “deciduous, coincidence”
Term
cide-
 Definition
kill, as in “pesticide, homicide”
Term
circ-, circum-
 Definition
around, as in “circle, circulatory”
Term
clad-
 Definition
branch, twig, as in “cladogram”
Term
clud, clus, clos-
 Definition
close, shut, as in “conclusion, closet”
Term
co-, con-
 Definition
with, together, as in “cooperate, cohesive”
Term
cyt-
 Definition
cell, as in “exocytosis, cytosol”
Term
de-
 Definition
away from, off, as in “decline, deciduous”
Term
derm-
 Definition
skin, as in “epidermis”
Term
di-
 Definition
two, as in “dissect”
Term
dict-
 Definition
speak, as in “dictionary”
Term
dipl-
 Definition
double, as in “diploid”
Term
dis-
 Definition
apart, as in “disperse”
Term
duce-
 Definition
to lead, take along, bring, as in “seduce, produce”
Term
echin-
 Definition
prickly, spiney, as in “echinoderm”
Term
ecto-/exo-
 Definition
outer, outside, as in “ectotherm, exoskeleton”
Term
em-, en-
 Definition
in, within, as in “embryo, enfold”
Term
emia-
 Definition
blood, as in “anemia”
Term
endo-
 Definition
inner, inside, as in “endotherm, endocytosis”
Term
epi-
 Definition
on, above, as in “epidermis”
Term
eu-
 Definition
good, well, true, as in “eukaryote, eubacteria”
Term
flagell-
 Definition
whip, as in “flagella, flagellate”
Term
gamet-
 Definition
to marry, husband, wife, as in “gamete”
Term
gen-
 Definition
origin, birth, race, as in “generation, genetics”
Term
geo-
 Definition
earth, as in “geography”
Term
graph-
 Definition
to draw, as in “geography”
Term
gymno-
 Definition
naked, as in “gymnosperm”
Term
hapl-
 Definition
simple, once, as in “haploid”
Term
helminth-
 Definition
worm, as in “platyhelminthes”
Term
hemo-
 Definition
blood, as in “hemoglobin”
Term
herb-
 Definition
plant, as in “herbivore”
Term
hered-, herit-
 Definition
heir, as in “inherit, heredity”
Term
hetero-
 Definition
other, as in “heterotroph, heterosexual”
Term
hiber-
 Definition
winter, as in “hibernate”
Term
homeo-
 Definition
same, similar, as in “homeostasis”
Term
homo-
 Definition
same, alike, as in “homozygous, homosexual”
Term
hydro-
 Definition
water, as in “hydrophilic. hydrate”
Term
hypo-
 Definition
under, little, as in “hypothermia”
Term
hyper-
 Definition
above, more, as in “hypertonic, hyperactive”
Term
in-
 Definition
not, as in “invalid”
Term
inter-
 Definition
within, between, as in “internet, international”
Term
intra-
 Definition
within, inside, as in “intracellular”
Term
itis-
 Definition
inflammation, swelling, as in “hepatitis, bronchitis”
Term
karyo, caryo-
 Definition
nucleus, as in “eukaryote”
Term
kine-
 Definition
move, motion, as in “cytokinesis, telekinesis”
Term
leg-, lig-, lect-
 Definition
to read, collect, point out, as in “religion, selection, legible, unintelligible”
Term
loco-
 Definition
place, as in “location, locomotion”
Term
logy-
 Definition
study of, as in “biology, zoology”
Term
lys-
 Definition
to loosen, as in “analysis, lysosome”
Term
macro-
 Definition
large, big, as in “macromolecule”
Term
met, meta-
 Definition
among, with, beyond, as in “metaphase, metacognition”
Term
meter-
 Definition
measure, as in “thermometer”
Term
micro-
 Definition
small, as in “microscope”
Term
mio-, meio-
 Definition
smaller, less, as in “meiosis”
Term
mit-
 Definition
thread, as in “mitosis”
Term
moll-
 Definition
soft, as in “mollusk”
Term
mono-
 Definition
one, single, as in “monomer”
Term
morpho
 Definition
shape, form, as in “metamorphosis”
Term
mot-, -motile
 Definition
motion, move, as in “locomotion”
Term
multi-
 Definition
many, as in “multicellular”
Term
mut-
 Definition
change, as in “mutation, commute”
Term
nat-
 Definition
born, birth, as in “nation, natural”
Term
nemato-
 Definition
thread, as in “nematode”
Term
nom-
 Definition
name, as in “nomenclature, nominate”
Term
omni-
 Definition
all, as in “omnivore, omnipresent”
Term
organ-
 Definition
structure, tool, as in “organism, organelle”
Term
ose-
 Definition
sugar, as in “glucose, fructose”
Term
osteo-
 Definition
bone, as in “osteoporosis”
Term
ov-
 Definition
egg, as in “ovum, ovulate”
Term
par-
 Definition
to give birth to, as in “parent, ovoviviparity”
Term
para-
 Definition
beside, wrong, as in “parasite”
Term
patho-
 Definition
disease, as in “pathogenic, psychopath”
Term
ped, -pod
 Definition
foot, as in “arthropod, pedigree”
Term
ped, pedo-
 Definition
child, as in “pediatrician, pedophile”
Term
per-
 Definition
thoughout, as in “pervade”
Term
peri-
 Definition
all around, as in “periscope”
Term
phago-
 Definition
eat, as in “phagocyte, bacteriophage”
Term
phenol-
 Definition
to show, to appear, as in “phenomenon, phenotype”
Term
phil-
 Definition
love, as in “philosophy, pedophile, hydrophilic”
Term
phob-
 Definition
fear, as in “phobia, hydrophobic”
Term
phon-
 Definition
sound, voice, as in “telephone”
Term
photo-
 Definition
light, as in “photosynthesis”
Term
phyll-
 Definition
leaf, as in “chlorophyll”
Term
phyl-
 Definition
race, tribe, class, as in “phylum, phylogeny”
Term
phyt-
 Definition
plant, as in “phytoplankton, bryophyte”
Term
plasm-
 Definition
form, mold, as in “cytoplasm, endoplasm”
Term
platy-
 Definition
wide, flat, as in “platyhelminthes”
Term
pod, -ped
 Definition
foot, as in “arthropod”
Term
poly-
 Definition
many, as in “polymer, polygon”
Term
por-
 Definition
passageway, small opening, as in “porifera, osteoporosis”
Term
post-
 Definition
after, behind, as in “post script (p.s.)”
Term
pre-
 Definition
before, ahead, as in “precede, prediction”
Term
pro-
 Definition
forward, before, in favor of, as in “progress, prophase, procedure”
Term
prob-, prov-
 Definition
honest, to test, as in “probability, prove”
Term
proto-
 Definition
first, as in “protocell”
Term
pseudo-
 Definition
fake, false, as in “pseudonym, pseudopod”
Term
pter-
 Definition
feather, wing, as in “pteridophyte, pterodactyl”
Term
quail-
 Definition
what sort or kind, as in “quality, qualitative”
Term
quanti-
 Definition
how much, amount, as in “quantity, quantitative”
Term
que, qui-
 Definition
to ask, to seek, as in “question, acquire, inquisition”
Term
radi-
 Definition
ray, spoke, as in “radius, radioactive”
Term
re-
 Definition
again, back, as in “rewind, replicate”
Term
sal-
 Definition
salt, as in “saline”
Term
san-
 Definition
healthy, cure, as in “sanitary”
Term
scope-
 Definition
examine, see, as in “microscope, telescope”
Term
se-
 Definition
aside, by itself, as in “selection, seduce, segregate, sever”
Term
sect-
 Definition
to cut, as in “dissect, insect, section”
Term
semi-
 Definition
half, as in “semi-permeable”
Term
sep-
 Definition
decay, rot, as in “sepsis, aseptic”
Term
sit-
 Definition
food, eating, as in “parasite”
Term
sperm-
 Definition
seed, as in “gymnosperm, angiosperm”
Term
spher-
 Definition
ball, round, as in “atmosphere”
Term
spir-
 Definition
breath of life, as in “respiration, inspire”
Term
spon-
 Definition
promise, pledge, as in “response, correspond”
Term
stasis-
 Definition
standing, place, as in “homeostasis”
Term
stim-
 Definition
impel, incentive, as in “stimulus”
Term
sym-, syn-
 Definition
binding together, as in “synthesis, synchronize, symbiosis”
Term
tele-
 Definition
far away, as in “telephone, telescope”
Term
terr-
 Definition
land, as in “terrestrial”
Term
therm
 Definition
heat, as in “thermometer”
Term
trans-
 Definition
across, as in “transport, translate”
Term
tri-
 Definition
three, as in “trisomy, tricycle”
Term
trop-
 Definition
move, as in “phototropism”
Term
troph-
 Definition
nourish, as in “autotroph, atrophy”
Term
uni-
 Definition
one, single, as in “unicellular”
Term
vac-
 Definition
empty, as in “vacuole, vacant”
Term
vacc-
 Definition
cow, as in “vaccine”
Term
vert-
 Definition
joint, spine, as in “vertebrate”
Term
vid, vis-
 Definition
to see, observe, as in “visible, evidence, video”
Term
viv-
 Definition
living, as in “survive”
Term
vari-
 Definition
different, change, as in “variable”
Term
volv-, volu-
 Definition
turn, as in “revolve, evolution”
Term
vore-
 Definition
to eat, as in “carnivore”
Term
zo-
 Definition
animal, as in “zoology”
Term
zygo
 Definition
joined, union, as in “heterozygous, zygote”
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