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LATG 13: Agents of Infectious Disease
AALAS
97
Medical
Professional
07/08/2018

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Cards

Term
All bacteria have a capsule.
Definition
False
Term
What is the term for a bacterium requiring normal atmospheric oxygen concentration to survive?
Definition
Aerobic
Term
What is the term for bacteria staining purplish-blue with Gram stain?
Definition
Gram-positive
Term
A Gram-positive bacterium has a thin internal cell wall:
Definition
False
A Gram-positive organism has a thick external cell wall.
Term
Botulism is caused by a bacterial toxin.
Definition
true
Term
Which statement applies to all bacteria?

They do not have mitochondria in their cytoplasm.
They can only live inside a host's cells.
They have a well-defined nucleus.
They do not require oxygen to survive.
Definition
They do not have mitochondria in their cytoplasm.
Term
A bacteria with cilia has:
Definition
hair like structures on the outside of the cell.
Term
Bacteria that can grow in low oxygen environments are known by what term?
Definition
Microaerophilic
Term
Which of the following characteristics generally apply to bacterial spores?

They are dormant forms of the bacteria.
Most of them can be destroyed by drying.
There are no medical significant bacteria that form spores.
They may remain viable even after being autoclaved.
Definition
They are dormant forms of the bacteria.
They may remain viable even after being autoclaved.
Term
Bacterial virulence is directly proportional to disease severity.
Definition
true
Term
Which type of RNA virus is influenza?
Definition
Orthomyxovirus
Term
Which type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?
Definition
Arbovirus
Term
B virus belongs to which group of viruses?
Definition
Herpesviruses
Term
In which laboratory species is the B virus found?
Definition
Macaques
Term
Viruses that infect animals are found in the host's cells.
Definition
true
Term
Which type of RNA virus is mouse hepatitis virus?
Definition
Coronavirus
Term
Macaques that have contracted the B virus do not shed it until symptoms are observable.
Definition
False
Macaques that are asymptomatic and appear normal may shed the virus via secretions of the eyes, mouth, and genitals, which can expose handlers to the virus.
Term
Which of the following groups of viruses contain DNA?
Paramyxoviruses
Parvoviruses
Poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Definition
Parvoviruses
Poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Term
In the laboratory, viruses can be grown in cell cultures.
Definition
True
Term
Which statement is TRUE about viruses?
They are extracellular parasites.
They do not contain nucleic acids.
They use their own energy to reproduce.
They do not reproduce outside of a host cell.
Definition
They do not reproduce outside of a host cell.
Term
Serological tests are the most common method used to identify viruses.
Definition
true
Term
A typical virus is made up of an envelope containing both DNA and RNA, and proteins.
Definition
False
Each type of virus has only one type of nucleic acid, either RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Term
Which decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?
Definition
Incineration
Term
Because prions are very difficult to inactivate, very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent their transmission.
Definition
true
Term
Which species has proven to be a valuable model for encephalopathies caused by prions?
Definition
Hamsters
Term
Because prions are very difficult to inactivate, very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent their transmission.
Definition
true
Term
Because prions are very difficult to inactivate, very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent their transmission.
Definition
true
Term
Bleach can be used to reduce the level of prion contamination on infected surfaces.
Definition
true
Term
Which easily observable signs could suggest a diagnosis of dermatophytosis?
Definition
Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin
Term
Which term is used to describe a disease caused by fungi?
Definition
Mycosis
Term
Which pathogenic fungus is a type of yeast?
Definition
Candida albicans
Term
Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
Definition
True
Term
Mycology is the study of which organism?
Definition
Fungi
Term
Ringworm is an example of which of the following?
Definition
Cutaneous mycosis
Term
Some fungi are transmitted through inhalation of infectious spores.
Definition
True
Term
Trematodes
Definition
flukes
Term
Cestodes
Definition
flatworms/tapeworm
Term
Nematodes
Definition
roundworms
Term
Acanthocephalids
Definition
thorny-headed worms
Term
Hirudineans
Definition
leeches
Term
A multicellular, worm-like animals which have differentiated tissues and organs
Definition
Helminths
Term
Parasites of which group are generally flat, have oral suckers, and have larval forms that hatch in water?
Definition
Trematodes
Term
The species responsible for producing hydatid cysts in the liver of rats belongs to which group of helminths?
Definition
Cestodes
Term
Giardia spp. are ___________ that live in their host's gastrointestinal tract.
Definition
flagellates
Term
Endoparasites live all their lives inside their host.
Definition
False
Endoparasites may live on or in their hosts continuously (a permanent parasite) or only when feeding (a periodic parasite).
Term
Cats are the definitive host of which species of apicomplexan parasite?
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
Flatworms, roundworms, and thorny-headed worms belong to which group of parasites?
Definition
Helminths
Term
Which nematode has the unique characteristic of not producing eggs?
Definition
Filaria
Term
Proglottids are rice-like segments of which parasite?
Definition
Tapeworms
Term
How would animal facility personnel become infected by apicomplexan organisms?
Definition
Contact with the feces of infected animals
Term
Which group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?
Definition
Nematodes
Term
Flukes are a common parasite of laboratory animals.
Definition
False
Due to their complex life cycle, wild caught animals may have a higher chance of infection.
Term
The intermediate hosts for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum are fleas.
Definition
true
Term
Which parasite is considered zoonotic?

Toxoplasma gondii
Entamoeba histolytica
Trypanosome brucei
Definition
all of them
Term
Most helminths are only visible under a light microscope.
Definition
False
Most are visible to the naked eye.
Term
Which parasite serves as an intermediate host for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum which is found on dogs and cats?
Definition
Fleas
Term
One characteristic that distinguishes fleas from lice is that they have wings and lice do not.
Definition
False
Term
Which term is used for lice infestation?
Definition
Pediculosis
Term
In which life stage do fleas encase themselves in cocoons?
Definition
pupa
Term
What are lice eggs called?
Definition
Nits
Term
What is the most common arachnid parasite found in animal facilities?
Definition
mites
Term
Where are pinworms usually found?
Definition
Cecum and colon
Term
Which statement is FALSE regarding flagella?

They are whip-like filaments that aid locomotion.
Flagella can be single or can be found in tufts of two or more.
The presence of flagella is an important morphologic characteristic.
Flagella aid locomotion by secreting slime.
Definition
Flagella aid locomotion by secreting slime.
Term
Which of the following is a common fungal infection in zebrafish?
Definition
Pseudoloma neurophilia
Term
Which cutaneous mycosis can affect a frog's ability to regulate oxygen flow across its skin?
Definition
Chytridiomycosis
Term
Which statement is TRUE regarding viral reproduction?

Viruses reproduce in the fluids that surround the cells in the host's tissues.
Agars are good media that allow virus reproduction and growth without the need for the virus to enter a host cell.
Viruses can replicate outside a cell.
Viruses use the host cell's energy-producing mechanisms to synthesize their own proteins.
Definition
Viruses use the host cell's energy-producing mechanisms to synthesize their own proteins.
Term
Which of the following accurately describes prions?
Definition
Misshapen proteins that invade host cells
Term
Hyphae are multicellular tubular structures characteristic of which organism?
Definition
molds
Term
Mosquitoes are vectors for the transmission of which of the following parasites?
Definition
Heartworms
Term
What best describes a bacterial spore?
Definition
It is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating.
Term
Which type of RNA virus is the West Nile virus?
Definition
Arbovirus
Term
Bacteria staining pink with Gram stain are called _________.
Definition
Gram-negative
Term
Which of the following is an annelid worm which may cause a bloody nose for a rhesus monkey?
Definition
Hirudinean
Term
Species from the genera Giardia are members of which group of protozoan parasites?
Definition
Flagellates
Term
Which arthropods lack jointed legs?
Definition
Pentastomids
Term
Which statement is FALSE regarding the effects of prions in the nervous system?

Mad cow disease is a prion disease.
Extracellular amyloid plaques cause the brain to become dry and rigid.
The extracellular amyloid plaques of prion diseases disrupt neural structure.
Prion activity arises from the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques.
Definition
Extracellular amyloid plaques cause the brain to become dry and rigid.
Term
Which parasites are known as tongue worms?
Definition
Pentastomids
Term
A mycelium is formed by which of the following?
Definition
A mold colony
Term
Which is the stage when a protozoan parasite actively multiplies?
Definition
Trophozoite
Term
Bacteria that can grow in the absence of oxygen are known by what term?
Definition
Anaerobic
Term
Which type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?
Definition
Arbovirus
Term
Which type of RNA virus is the measles?
Definition
Paramyxovirus
Term
The term "slow virus" is often used to describe which organism?
Definition
Prion
Term
How do hookworms generally enter the body?
Definition
Penetration of the skin or oral mucosa
Term
Spherical or round bacterium are called:
Definition
cocci
Term
What is Ctenocephalides felis?
Definition
The most common species of fleas found on cats and dogs
Term
The genus of roundworms known as whipworms is a member of which group of helminths ?
Definition
Nematodes
Term
Which parasite can infect a fetus if the pregnant woman becomes infected?
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
Which statement applies to all bacteria?

They do not have mitochondria in their cytoplasm.
They can only live inside a host's cells.
They do not require oxygen to survive.
They have a well-defined nucleus.
Definition
They do not have mitochondria in their cytoplasm.
Term
Which of the following fungi are microsporidia that cause lethargy, tremors, and partial paralysis in rabbits?
Definition
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Term
What is the definition of virulence?
Definition
The degree of pathogenicity of an organism
Term
Which characteristic is TRUE about helminths?
Definition
Term
Many different organisms can grow in a(n) ___ agar, but differences in their reactions can be observed.
Definition
differential
Term
Which of the following groups of viruses contain RNA?
Definition
Coronaviruses
Term
In comparison with other infectious agents, what is a unique characteristic of prions?
Definition
Prions do not contain nucleic acid.
Term
Which characteristic is true of sucking lice but not true of chewing lice?
Definition
Sucking lice have narrow heads and mouthparts.
Term
What is the shape of a bacillary bacterium?
Definition
Rod-like
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