Term
| What kind of blood is in the right atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different parts of the digestive tract where digestion occurs? |
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Definition
| Liver, Pancreas, Lining of intestine. |
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Term
| What are the four stages of food processing? |
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Definition
| Ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion |
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Term
| Where does absorption occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gets absorbed in the small intestine? |
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Definition
| Building blocks, water, vitamins and minerals in the blood stream. Look up more on this |
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Term
| What's the order of things in the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| order of things in the large intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the gall bladder do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the pancreas do? |
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Definition
| secretes enzyme solution to neutralize acid in the chyme, which in turn shuts off pepsin digestine, so your small intestine doesn't get eaten. |
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Term
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Definition
| finger folds on small intestine |
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Term
| Where does protein digestion take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pulmonary circulatory system for? |
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Definition
| Gas exchange with the lungs. Low Pressure. Right side. |
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Term
| What type of blood is carried by pulmonary arteries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the systemic circulatory system for? |
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Definition
| provides nutrients for the body. Brings oxygen, gets rid of CO2 |
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Term
| What is the function of capillaries? |
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Definition
| beds that connect arteries and veins. Thin, so materials can easily be exchanged. |
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Term
| Where is the pyloric sphincter? |
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Definition
| between stomach and duodenum |
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Term
| What/where is precipillary sphincter? |
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Definition
| adjusts blood flow in each capillary |
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Term
| Where are the semilunar valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| tricuspid, bicuspid? Where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| build up of fatty plaque in arteries. Reduces amount of blood getting to body. |
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Term
| How does atherosclerosis contribute to myocardial infarctions? |
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Definition
| Plaque clogs arteries which causes blood clots to form, which in turn creates PLUGS in the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood can't get to the head. Due to either a blockage or rupture in an artery. |
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Term
| Why is blood pressure only measured in arteries? |
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Definition
| this is the only place pressure exists |
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Term
| How does blood pressure return through veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is systolic pressure? |
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Definition
| high pressure, contracts. 110 |
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Term
| what is diastolic pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name, structure and function of all parts of respiratory system |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are there cartilage rings in most tubes? |
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Definition
| To keep tubes from collapsing |
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Term
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Definition
| area shared by esophagus and trachea |
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Term
| What is negative pressure? |
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Definition
| space between lungs and diaphragm increases. causing inhalation |
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Term
| What does a drop in negative pressure indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How and where is oxygen picked up by blood? |
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Definition
| Each molecule of hemoglobin can get 4 oxygen molecules. Hemoglobin releases oxygen to tissues that need it. pH sensitive |
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Term
Where is CO2 picked up by blood?
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Definition
| diffuses out of tissues into our blood. |
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Term
| How many different ways is CO2 transported, and what are they? |
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Definition
| disolves in liquid plasma, binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, but MOST enters red blood cells |
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Term
| What happens once majority of red blood cells have CO2 enter them? |
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Definition
| reaction which donates hydrogen ions (acid) and HCO. Hemoglobin combines with these to keep our blood from being too acidic. |
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Term
| How does hemoglobin know to release oxyen to tissues that need it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does fetal hemoglobin need to be different than adult hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| embryo is in a low oxygen area |
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Term
| Where does fetal hemoglibin dump off its load of CO2, and pick up oxygen? LOOK UP MORE |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of a hormone? |
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Definition
| a chemical made by glands in the body. |
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Term
| What are the two classes of hormones? |
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Definition
| steroids and non-steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophobic. Diffuses into all cells. Binds to receptors inside the cell nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophillic, binds to receptors inside the membrane. Water soluble. |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of water soluble hormones? |
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Definition
| amines, peptides and proteins |
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Term
| How do steroid hormones affect the physiology of target cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do non-steroid hormones affect the physiology of target cells? |
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Definition
| turn gene promoters/enhancers on or off, open and close membrane channels |
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Term
| What is the role of the posterior pituitary? |
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Definition
| Stores and secretes two hormones made in the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| What are the two hormones stored in the posterior pituitary? |
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Definition
| oxytocin-uterine contractions and ADH |
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Term
| What type of hormones regulate the production of each of the anterior pituitary hormones? |
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Definition
| releasing hormones of hypothalamus |
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Term
| what produces the hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary regulate other endocrine glands? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus releases TRH which tells anterior pituitary to release TSH, which stimulates the thyroid, which produces thyroxin...LOOK UP MORE. |
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Term
| What endocrine gland responds to the stimulus of elevated levels of calcium ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| what hormone is released by the thyroid to lower calcium ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the target organs of calcitonin, and what affects does it have on them? |
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Definition
| bones, kidneys and intestines. |
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Term
| What endocrine gland responds to the stimulus of falling leels of calcium ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is released by the parathyroid to raise calcium ions in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bones, increases uptake in kidneys and intestines. Raises calcium ion level. a LITTLE more on this. |
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Term
| what is the name of the cells of the pancreas that are endocrine in nature? |
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Definition
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Term
| what exocine function is the pancreas involved in? |
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Definition
| digestive tract. Stuff goes through it even though it's still outside the body. |
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Term
| What do alpha cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do beta cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do antagonistic hormones produced by alpha and beta cells affect our bodies? |
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Definition
| To maintain homeostasis. increased blood glucose levels stimulate beta cells, so they produce insulin. Dropping glucose stimulates alpha cells, so they produce glucagons. |
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Term
| What happens when blood glucose is too high? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when blood glucose is too low? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal concentration of glucose in the blood? |
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Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
1. insulin dependent. autoimmune. Body attacks beta cells 2. most. cells don't respond to insulin, or there are low levels, or both. This means ATP can't be made. |
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Term
| What hormone regulates kidney function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What endocrine gland produces ADH? |
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Definition
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Term
| When would there be a too high concentration of ADH? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when would there be a too low concentration of ADH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does drinking alcohol tend to dehydrate you? |
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Definition
| because it shuts down ADH production and release. Dillutes pee. |
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Term
| What specific part of a testis produces androgens? |
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Definition
| interstitial, leydus cells |
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Term
| What specific part of a testis is responsible for spermatogenesis?? |
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Definition
| Semniferous tubule--LOOK UP more. |
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Term
| What type of cell division is responsible for spermatogenesis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is GnRH role in males? |
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Definition
| From hypothalamus, talks to anterior pituitary about releasing hormones |
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Term
| What is FSH role in males? |
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Definition
| targets tubules. Keeps sperm production going. Anterior pituitary |
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Term
| What does LH do in males? |
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Definition
| Turns on interstitial cells. It's in anterior pituitary |
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Term
| What do androgens do in males? |
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Definition
| provide negative feedback to hypothalamus. in the testes |
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Term
| What is the role of GnRH in females? |
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Definition
| Targets anterior pituitary |
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Term
| What is the role of FSH in females? |
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Definition
| Targets ovaries and stimulates follicles. In the anterior pituitary |
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Term
| What is the role of LH in females? |
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Definition
| surges and causes follicle to rupture. In anterior pituitary |
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Term
| What is the role of estrogen? |
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Definition
| high levels turn hypothalamus on full best. Creates positive feedback loop, causing a SURGE of GnRH then too much LH then ovulation. Occurs in ovary. |
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Term
| What is the role of progesterone? |
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Definition
| shuts down hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Negative feedback loop. Ovary |
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Term
| What causes endometrial lining to thicken? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the corpus luteum |
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Definition
| Produces lots of progesterone. |
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Term
| What happens when corpus luteum dies? |
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone aren't being produced anymore, so system shuts off. lining sloughed off |
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Term
| What hormone maintains corpus luteum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is done in the liver? |
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Definition
| bile production and conversion of amino acids to urea |
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Term
| What are the four functions of the excretory system? |
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Definition
| filtration of blood, reaborption-active transport sugars and salts, osmosis- secretion-drugs toxins actively transport here- excretion-urination. |
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Term
| what side of the heart is pulmonary artery in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what side of the heart are pulmonary veins in? coming from where? |
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Definition
| left side, coming from lungs. |
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Term
| Where is fetal blood oxygenated? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ductus arteriosus? |
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Definition
| vlood diverted out of pulmonary artery and into the aorta through this. |
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Term
| What and where is adrenal hormone? |
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Definition
| head of kidney. fight or flight |
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Term
| Where is the temporary opening in a fetal heart? |
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Definition
| between the left and right atria. called Foramen ovule |
|
|
Term
| what does the pulmonary artery do? |
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Definition
| brings blood out of right ventricle of heart. |
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Term
| what does pulmonary vein do? |
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Definition
| takes blood to the left atrium |
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Term
| Where does fetal hemoglobin drop off co2 and pick up oxygen? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what type of blood is in the inferior vena cava with a fetus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of blood is in the umbilical vein of fetus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fetus umbillical arteries? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does ductus arteriosis do? |
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Definition
| connects pulmonary trunk to aortic arch |
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|
Term
| what is it reabsorbed by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sugars, salts and water-osmosis |
|
|
Term
| what structure are drugs and toxins secreted from and absorbed by? |
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Definition
| secreted from blood, absorbed by exxcretory tubule |
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|
Term
| what are the names of the two major portions of the kidney? |
|
Definition
cortex and medulla cortex is where blood is filtered, medulla is where salt and water are controlled |
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