main focus of the author, the central thought he is pushing, his agenda and purpose.

• Exodus 15, Song of Miriam by the sea
• Deutoronomy 32, 34 Moses' speech,
• Genesis 3:15 you are now bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh.
• Genesis 49 the blessings of Jacob
• Numbers22, 23 the blessings of Balaam.

It talks about the day of atonement for forgiveness of sins. Christ's death on the cross, investigative judgement, demonstration of God's grace in history. Eschatology.

shared patterns of communication, usually shaped in a particular social context that signals expectations of how a text/speech is to be understood and used.

When a part represents the whole. 

Example: All hands on deck (hands = workers)

Refers to something by naming an associated item. Example: Lend me your ear: (please listen up or pay attention.)  

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

 Examples: lady Wisdom or lady folly.

the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of her reply, “How nice!” when I said I had to work all weekend.

Example from the bible: Johan 1:2 God says get up so he got up and but ran away to Joppa, the prophet was sleeping, and the ones praying were the ones on the boat and they were heathen.

They say that every text is conditioned by it's historical context but in reality it rises above the historical context. Not every text is dependent on its historical context.

Ugaritic

Fact is there are similaries.  Ugarit was a harbor on the Mediterranean from the 15th to the 13th century BC and later was a trade city which the Phoenicians developed.  They do this in order to date the Bible very late so they can say that the Bible was copied from the Ugaritic writings.

The story of the Rich Man and Lazarus. The traditional story is that the rich man goes to heaven and the poor man goes to hell but the way Jesus tells it is that  the poor man goes to heaven and the rich man stays behind.

angle you look at it from

(Example: picture of a young woman that he showed us but if you looked at it different it looked like an old woman.)

creation

the patriachs

the exodus

King David

• The Bible is exaggerated
• that King David or Solomon were just town kings

But the dig that Southern has done at Khirbet Quiyafa debunked that about David and Solomon. The Bible says that the city of David had two gates and those two gates have been excavated. The oldest inscription found is in Hebrew called the Osctracon and it seems to be very close to the Biblical text from Deuteronomy 6 although not a direct quotation. But critical scholars say that ancient Israel was not literate.

Questions to ask yourself when making the application of a text

• How does the passage match my modern day expectations and  those of my audience?
• What surprises does it offer for those who live in a culture and context far removed from the original context?
• How do I feel about the passage?

Luke 4:18-21 Jesus says: “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor.He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind,to set the oppressed free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”Then he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fastened on him. He began by saying to them, “Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”

He was taking the idea and expanding what was found in Isaiah 9:4 and Isaiah 61:1:

Isa 9:4  For as in the day of Midian’s defeat, you have shattered the yoke that burdens them, the bar across their shoulders, the rod of their oppressor.

Isa 61:1The Spirit of the Sovereign LORD is on me,
because the LORD has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners,

 You have Latin Liberation theology, Black Liberation theology etc. Liberation theology people take the text and apply it only to today's context not on the historical context. The problem is that their interpretation is very physical and only applies to today and it  only applies to what you can do for us right here but not the kingdom to come. Liberation theology is a reaction against religion by the sword.  (I am not sure why these names are in my notes but the names of Timothy Boff, or Gutierrez.)

culture.

We get it in our "mother milk" Culture is in constant change but you don't perceive the changes as you are a part of it.

cultural heritage.

It must be relevant to the culture but it needs to transcend culture.

Pre-modern: community was more imporatnt than the individual

Post modern: The individual is more important than the community. The sense of community has disintegrated. The family unit is broken.

Quotes that are how long must be block indented and in single file?

• Expositor's Bible Commentary
• SDA Bible Commentary
• New International Comentary
• New American Comentary
• Anchor Bible Comentary

geography

culture

langauge

socio-economic context

• liberation theology
• feminist theology
• economic power
• religious pluralism
• contextualization

reaction against colonial evangelism against the Indios with the sword forcing conversations

a reaction against patriarchal image of religion and God which is in the wake of feminism. The emancipation movement and women's rights etc came out of this or influenced it. They say there are female images of God like where it says God gave birth to israel, he raised him and carried Israel in his arms. Or as Mother hen who wants to gather her chicks.

They say that Christianity is just one way to salvation, another way is Hinduism, Buddhism and other ways. This thought really became prevalent int he 20th century .

important element in the exegetical process. However, you can contextualize to such an extent that the original meaning becomes meaningless. You have all kinds of interesting contextualization that takes place. Some want to baptize people as Christians but not into the SDA church, without having them understanding the 28 fundamental beliefs.

That communication was also written in Bible times so they always involve extra textual elements. Instead of asking what does "x" mean (semantics) pragmatics ask "What would you like it to say?"

the customs and world views of the ancient Near East

• Family oriented
• God did not require his people to create a new culture. They didn't speak a holy language. (the more we isolate ourselves from our environment the less effective we become)
• god also told Israel not to be like other nations, not to sacrifice their children etc.
• God was intent on working on the inner world view.
• God regulates the issue of divorce. The ideal is to never have divorce but God wanted the woman to not just be thrown out and to make it more "fair" than it was culturally.
• Society was community oriented

Characteristics of NT culture

• Big cultural mix
• When you became a Christian you didn't have to become a Jew or be circumcised.
• A new nation was being formed, something that comes out of existing culture and creates a new culture
• Transcendence of culture

(Jack Blanco wrote a great article on inspiration, revelation, church, and culture)

Culture is a two way street.

We must create awareness of your own culture but beware of ethno-centrism. If our way is Christ's way then we have the best news for everyone but we need to step out and go to a different culture and sit down.

Our first offical missionary was JN Andrews but technically not...Chifkowski raised money from the Seventh-day Baptists and went to Switzerland to be a missionary some 11 years before JN Andrews..even though he was SDA

EGW was a missionary to Europe and Australia

While some are decidedly German or decidedly French they must be decidedly Christ's.

That all prophecies especially those of Daniel and Revelation occurred in the distant past and are already fulfilled.

is the study of various persons, events or institutions in salvation history which God specifically designed to predicatively prefigure their anti typical eschatological fulfillment in Christ

Epistilic principle

says it is acted out again and again (I have NO idea what this is trying to say...probably wrong..)

Fulfillment

It goes from type to Anti-type. There must be a scriptural connection for interpreting Biblical typology.

• the rock...the rock is Jesus etc
• Moses is a leader to bring the people out of slavery, Jesus brings us out of slavery and of sin.

Galations 4:21-31(it says it is an allegory)

Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.

 These things are being taken figuratively (or as an allegory) : The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.  But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. For it is written: “Be glad, barren woman, you who never bore a child; shout for joy and cry aloud, you who were never in labor; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.”Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise. At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.

finding meaning and creating a new and different story than is there. Reading meaning into the text that the author never intended.

True, the Bible does not have more than one level of meaning.  there can be aspects of the texts meaning there is not some hidden deep theological meaning.

Flat Characters: the goodie and the baddie (cowboys and robbers)

Round Characters: real people and more complex....David is a round character, Naboth is just a bad character so he is flat.

Example: Boaz and Ruth: The city gate, where things happened, where legal transactions took place tec....

Bracketing of the story like a picture frame. It makes the picture popp out even further.

Example: Exodus 6:13, Exodus 6:30 (not sure if these are correct)

I will sing for the one I Love a song about his vineyard:

My loved one had a vineyard on a fertile hillside. He dug it up and cleared it of stones and planted it with the choicest vines.He built a watchtower in itand cut out a winepress as well.Then he looked for a crop of good grapes,but it yielded only bad fruit. “Now you dwellers in Jerusalem and men of Judah,judge between me and my vineyard. What more could have been done for my vineyard than I have done for it? When I looked for good grapes, why did it yield only bad? Now I will tell you what I am going to do to my vineyard:I will take away its hedge,and it will be destroyed; I will break down its wall, and it will be trampled. I will make it a wasteland,neither pruned nor cultivated,and briers and thorns will grow there.I will command the cloudsnot to rain on it.” The vineyard of the Lord Almighty is the house of Israel,and the men of Judah are the garden of his delight. And he looked for justice, but saw bloodshed; for righteousness, but heard cries of distress.

the interpretation of eschatology using the apotelesmatic principles championed by Desmond Ford.  Also the reader-response method and the Futuristic prophetic interpretations. This takes away 1844 and the biblical interpretation of the 2300 days.

• Thomas Steinninger. He says that there is a theology of Fear and the doctrin of the sanctuary are "though ruins" i.e. they don't apply to today.
• Also Rodolf Pohler's PhD diseertation from AU which suggest that sociology was the driving factor.

by Raoul Dederen...add on to the commentary, 3 volumens which speak of theological implications of various verses in the Bible.

Alden Thompson, John Brunt, Doug Clark, Larry herr, Robert M. Johnston.

Preterism

Futurism

Dispensationalism

HIstoricism

Innocence (Adam before the fall) -->Conscience (From Adam to Noah)-->Promise (Abraham to Moses) -->Law (Moses to Christ)-->Grace (Pentecost to rapture)-->

Millennium (after the rapture)

SDA view

Prophecies of the OT have total fulfillment, partial fulfllment or they wil not be fulfilled based on ciditions of obedience.

The OT shows a literal Israel, and the NT a Spiritual Irael (Romans 9-11) which continues to the second coming.

Daniel 2, 7, 8

• Babylon, head of gold, lion, Does not appear in Dan. 8
• Breast and arms of silver, Bear, Ram
• STomach and loins of bronze, leopard, male goat
• Feet of iorn, Terrible beast, little horn
• Toes partly of irona dn partly of baked clay, 10 horns, Sanct. trampled
• Stone destroys image: The judge sits at the end of the 1260 days/years; Sancutary is purified after 2300 days/years

1. Is the person, even or institution under consideration actually a type? Seek to discover the Biblical indicators that identify the historical reality as typology.

2. What are the basic contours of the type that will be recapitulated in the anti-type?

What is the orientation of the type with reference to God and Christ in the Great Controversy?

3. What is the orientation of the type with reference to God and Christ in the Great Controversy?

4. How is the type fulled in the NT?

5. What is the future aspect of the typology that still remains to be fulfilled?

6. What is the moral purpose of the typology?

7. Where is the theological truth of the type taught elsewhere in Scripture?

8. How does the typology help to highlight the intricate beauty of the various aspects of the plan of salvation?

Clements of Alexandrai in the 2nd century

Origin in the 3rd century(The father of all herisy)

Augustine in the 4th  century

1. Scene: Functions as the basic building block of a narrative and orders the narrative in blocks of particular times and places.
2. Plot: All stories have a beginning, middle and end. The succession is often motivated by conflict and tension.
3. Point of view is closely related to the  narrator who controls the story
4. Characterization: The understanding of the character is controlled by the narrator and the narrator may be one of the characters. Must pay attention to every details as Biblical narrative is concise.
5. Setting: provides the narrative with reality and imparts atmosphere and mood.
6. Dialogue: fairly rare. Note when dialogue was introduced as that might really reveal the character of the speaker. Note where the narrator chose to introduce dialogue.

• Repetition: 5 types: key words, motif, theme, sequence of actions, typescenes
• Omission: system of gaps in the text creating interest, curiosity, suspense and surprise
• Inclusion (ior inclusio): indicates the beginning or end of either the whole narrative or oneof the imporatnt scenes within the narrative by repeating identical clauses or words, thus bracketing off or enveloping the marked off material
• Chiasm: inverted design...ordering of principle within a verse, sentences, or even books, parallel lines of poetry to a whole narrative.
• It is intended, it is usually covert, it is stable, it is local or finite

Irony

1. Letters of Friendship (11 Cor. 1:16, 5:3; Phil 1:7-8; I Thess 3:6-10)

2. Family letters

3. Letters of praise and blame (I Cor. 11; Revelation 2-3)

4. Exhortatory or parenetic epistles (I Thess; the Pastorals; Hebrews; James; 1 Peter)

5. Letters of mediation or recommendation on behalf  of a person (Philemon; Phil 2:19-30)

6. Juridical or forensic letters (I Cor 9:3-12; II Cor 1:8-2:13; 7:5-16; 10-12)

1. Study the logical developmetn of argument
2. Study the sitaution behind the statements
3. Note the different subgenres empoyed in the Epistles

1. Narratives (especially employd by early prophets)
2. Autobaiographical narratives
3. Sermons
4. Visions
5. Announcement of punishment
6. Warnings
7. Prayers and confessions
8. Songs of victory and laments
9. Letters
10. Hymns
11. Allegories and parables
12. Sayings and proverbs

Message and Fulfillment

1. Mesage is the authoritative word of God. Fullment unfolding of God's plan

2. Understood yb prophet, relevanto the contemporary audience

Beliefs

values

vehavior

cultural expression

Premodern: basis of society is religion

Modern: Basis of society is reason

Post Modern: basis of society is lack of transcendence\

When comparing them lok at reason, values, problem solving mechanisms, authority, community, individual, religion, and view of the universe.

1. Primary focus on local national and contemporary
2. Eschatology within history
3. Some contrasts
4. Limited symbolism with true to life imagery (Linen girdle Jeremiah etc)
5. Basis: word of the Lord (plus some visions)
6. Conditionality depending on their obedience of people in that generation
7. Prophetic: The prophecy frequently jumps from local, contemporary rises to the eschatological day of the Lord or from one peak of predictive fulfillment to another, without reference ot the valley between. Examples: Isa 14 (fall of Babylon and fall of Lucifer) or Ezekiel 28 (?) Against Tyre and Sidon (?)

1. Primary Focus universal sweep of history with them(emphasis on end time)
2. Eschatology: Comes from outside of history (final universal)
3. Striking contrasts: dualism temporal  (this age and age to come): (Earthly and heavenly): Ethical (Righteous and wicked)
4. Profuse: Composite symbolism
5. Basis: visions/dreams, angel interpreter
6. Determinism: The actual course of human events as shaped by the divine hand in history and recognized by divine foreknowledge of human choices is set forth and sealed up to be revealed to end time generations.
7. Visions: Give full sweep of history from time of prophet to end of time with no gap between local setting and final or between different stages of the prophetic fulfillment.

Karen's Two OT Genres:

Narratives

Letters

Narratives:

1. Samuel 9:1-10 story of Sul and his father's lost donkeys seeking God's prophet to find them.
2. I Samuel 16: Story of Saul being annoited to be King by Samuel

Letters:

Jeremiah 29: Letter from the Lord to his people in captivity. If you will return to me I will save you if not you will be cursed becuase I have sent you prophets and you do not listen.