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Last Exam #2
Last Exam #2
32
Microbiology
Not Applicable
08/09/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a Reservoir
Definition
Affected host
Term
Name 3 reservoirs of infection
Definition
1.) Human (AIDS, gonorrhea)
2.) Animal (Rabies, Lyme)
3.) Non-living (soil i.e. ring worm
Term
What are the 3 ways of contact transmission of disease?
Definition
1.) Direct
2.) Indirect
3.) Droplet
Term
Requires close association between infected and susceptible host
Definition
Direct Transmission
Term
pread by fomites (toys in daycare, dirty tissues, syringes-- anything that has become contaminated and is in contact w/you)
Definition
Indirect Transmission
Term
Transmission via AIRBORNE droplets
Definition
Droplet
Term
Name some examples of vehicle transmission
Definition
water, air, food
Term
______ are arthropods, especially fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes
Definition
Vectors
Term
Vectors transmit disease by 2 general methods
Definition
1.) Mechanical transmission
2.) Biological transmission
Term
__________ transmission is when an arthropod carries pathogen on feet
Definition
Mechanical transmission
Term
________________ transmission is when pathogen reproduces in a vector
Definition
Biological
Term
Name 4 ways to decrease nosocomial infections
Definition
1.) Aseptic technique (how to handle contaminated materials)
2.) Handwashing
3.) Staff education
4.) Decrease use of antibiotics
Term
____________ are acquired as a result of hospital stay
Definition
Nosocomial infections
Term
Nosocomial infections affect ___ to ____ % of all hospital patients
Definition
5-15%
Term
What is the most common nosocomial infection?
Definition
UTI
Term
What is 2nd common nosocomial infection?
Definition
Surgical site incisions
Term
What is 3rd most common nosocomial infection?
Definition
Lower Respiratory Infections
Term
What are the 5 most common causes of nosocomial infections (respectively)?
Definition
1.) Coagulase-negative staphylococci
2.) S. aureus
3.) Enterococcus
4.) Gram Negative Rods
5.) C. Diff
Term
Diseases that are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future are due to these contributing factors: (8)
Definition
1.) Genetic recombination (new genes b/c genetic transfer)
2.) Evolution of new strains (mutations)
3.) Inappropriate use of antibiotics and pesticides
4.) changes in weather patterns (increase in rodents)
5.) Modern transportation
6.) Ecological disaster, war, expanding development
7.) Animal control
8.) Public helath failure
Term
What is study of where and when diseases occur?
Definition
Epidemiology
Term
___________ collects and analyzes epidemiological info in US and publishes Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Definition
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Term
________ mapped the occurrence of cholera in London
Definition
John Snow
Term
_________ showed that handwashing decreased the incidence of puerperal fever
Definition
Ignaz Semmelweis
Term
________ showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus
Definition
Florence Nightengale
Term
Epidemiology can be _______, collection and analysis of data... Who did this?
Definition
descriptive
John Snow
Term
Epidemiolgy can be ________, comparison of a diseased group and a healthy group... who did this?
Definition
Analytical
Florence Nightengale
Term
Epidemiology can be _______, controlled experiments.. who did this?
Definition
Experimental
Ignaz Semmelweis
Term
_________ health care workers report specified disease to local, state, and national offices
Definition
Case reporting
Term
______________ physicians are required to report occurrence
Definition
Nationally notifiable diseases
Term
incidence of a specific notifiable disease
Definition
Morbidity
Term
Deaths from notifiable diseases
Definition
Mortality
Term
number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
Definition
Morbidity Rate
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