Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lasers
Week 11
31
Nursing
Graduate
10/15/2015

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Laser
Definition
Light Amplification with stimulated emission of radiation
Term
When the Lasing Medium is stimulated By electricity
Definition
The electrons change orbital patterns and emit light
Term
Light Emitted
Definition
Coherent, columnated, and monochromatic
Term
The Way a Laser Reacts
Definition
With tissue depends on its wavelength
Term
CO2
Definition

Absorbed by water and hence all tissues

 

Has limited penetration to a depth of < 0.5mm

Term
Nd:YAG
Definition

Transmitted through clear tissues and materials

 

It is absorbed by dark tissues

 

Deep penetration to 2-6 mm 

Term
Argon
Definition

Selectively absorbed by hemoglobin and melanin

 

Penetration to 0.5-2 mm 

Term

KTP 

 

(Potassium titanyl phosphate)

Definition

Weakly absorbed by water and strongly absorbed by Hgb.

 

Penetration is 0.5-2mm

Term
Dye
Definition
Wavelength can be changed for hemoglobin absorption or phototherapy
Term
ANSI
Definition

Has classified lasers by their potential hazards

 

Classification ranges from 1-4

 

The higher the class the more hazardous

 

Most Medical lasers are class 4

Term
Eye Damage
Definition

Can occur from laser exposure

 

Location of damage depends on the wavelength

Term
Argon and Yag Lasers
Definition

Damage the retina

 

The lens will actually focus the laser emission on the fovea and increase intensity up to 100,000 times 

Term
CO2 lasers
Definition

Damage the cornea 

 

Is blocked by nearly any type of glasses or goggles 

Term
Rooms Using Lasers
Definition
Are required to have a sign specifying laser type
Term
Argon, KTP, YAG, and other lasers
Definition
Need specific goggles to absorb the laser emissions
Term
The Laser Plume
Definition

Can cause bronchial irritation 

 

Produce mutagenic chemicals 

 

In addition, viral particles can be released

Term
Special Masks
Definition
Used as well as surgical evacuation system
Term
Airway Fires
Definition
Can Occur from ignition of the ETT or surgical packing
Term
Jet Ventilation
Definition

Sometimes used for insufflation

 

Laser plume is still a problem

 

Hypoventilation is possible

 

OR pollution from anestheic agents not returned to scavenger

Term
Endotracheal Tubes
Definition

A reduced FiO2 (30% or less) should be used

 

This may be accomplished with either helium or nitrogen introduction

 

Term
Definition

Is an oxidizing agent and not efective in reucing fire hazards

 

 

Term
PVC, red rubber, and silicon
Definition
Can ignite if hit with laser
Term
Combustion Products from ETT
Definition
Fire are highly toxic
Term
Tubes
Definition

Must be protected with metallic coating

 

Laser- ready tubes are commerically available 

Term
The Airway Surrounding the Tube
Definition
Can be packed with saline soaked sponges
Term
Other means of surgical fire prevention
Definition

Avoid open air supplemental oxygen administration

 

Coat facial hair with a water soluble lubricant

 

Use flame-retardant drapes

 

Use suctioning below the drapes to avoid build up of oxygen 

 

Avoid pooling of prep solutions

 

Have two syringes of saline available to extinguish fires

 

Educate staff as to causes and managment of fires and location of extinguish 

Term
Administer O2 only through an ETT or LMA
Definition
If supplemental oxygen via mask or cannulae is required, oxygen flow should be disconitnued at least 1 minute prior to laser use
Term
Container of water should be available
Definition
To extinguish burning materials
Term

In order for a fire to occur, conditions met

 

(Fire Triangle)

Definition

Source of fuel must be present

 

Source of oxidizing agent must be present (O2, N2O)

 

Source of ignition (heat) must be present 

Term
Primary Response to an Airway Fire
Definition

Remove ETT and any flammable/burning material

 

Discontinue all gas flow

 

Pour saline into airway

 

Ventilate with a low FiO2 to reduce the incidence of smoldering and rekindling

Term
Secondary Response to Airway Fire
Definition

Inspect removed tube to assess possible remaining burning material

 

Flexible or rigid bronchoscopy

 

Steroids and antibiotic therapy

 

Ventilatory support

 

Minimum of 24 hours of observatin 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!