Term
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Definition
| American Land Title Association |
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Term
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Definition
| American Congress on Surveying and Mapping |
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Term
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Definition
| National Geodetic Survey (formerly U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey) |
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Term
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Definition
| United States Geological Survey |
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Term
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Definition
| State Plane Coordinate System |
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Term
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Definition
| Public Land Survey System |
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Term
| How many sq. miles in a township? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many sections in one township? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is protected in section 404 of the US Clean Water Act? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many townships in a quadrangle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A wetland that received nutrients from groundwater and has non-acidic peats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Periodically inundated wetland that may or may not have water present. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wetland associated with saltwater. |
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Term
| Riparian forested wetland |
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Definition
| Associated with a river or stream. |
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Term
| What's the difference between iron and magnesium deficiencies? |
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Definition
Iron - causes leaves to turn yellow.
Magnesium - causes leaves to turns yellow while veins remain green. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fungal problem characterized by white powdery growth on the tops & bottoms of leaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appearance of brown spots on leaves in concentric zones of discoloration |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder that causes a single stem to appear as if it were several stems fused together. It is caused by frost, insect or physical damage to a stem early in its development. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a soil to become deformed without breaking apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a soil to return to its original shape after being subjected to a load condition. |
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Term
| Liquid limit of soil (minimum moisture content) |
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Definition
| The minimum moisture content at which a soil will flow under its own weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a soil to transfer water; a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids |
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Term
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Definition
The intrinsic permeability of any porous material is: k1 = C * d2
where
κI is the intrinsic permeability [L2]
C is a dimensionless constant that is related to the configuration of the flow-paths
d is the average, or effective pore diameter [L] |
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Term
| Ranges of common intrinsic permeabilities |
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Definition
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Permeability
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Pervious
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Semi-Pervious
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Impervious
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Unconsolidated Sand & Gravel
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Well Sorted Gravel
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Well Sorted Sand or Sand & Gravel
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Very Fine Sand, Silt, Loess, Loam
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Unconsolidated Clay & Organic
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Peat
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Layered Clay
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Fat / Unweathered Clay
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Consolidated Rocks
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Highly Fractured Rocks
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Oil Reservoir Rocks
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Fresh Sandstone
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Fresh Limestone, Dolomite
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Fresh Granite
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κ (cm2)
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0.001
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0.0001
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10−5
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10−6
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10−7
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10−8
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10−9
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10−10
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10−11
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10−12
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10−13
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10−14
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10−15
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κ (millidarcy)
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10+8
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10+7
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10+6
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10+5
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10,000
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1,000
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100
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10
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1
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0.1
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0.01
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0.001
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0.0001
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Term
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Definition
Average Daily Traffic.
The ADT is the total annual volume
of traffic divided by 365 (the number of days in the year). |
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Term
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Definition
Design of roadways is usually based on Design Hourly Volume which is approximately 15 percent
more than the ADT and represents the volume of traffic that is tolerable for the average driver. |
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Term
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Definition
The most rapid and largest volume through-traffic system across and between
urban areas. Best characterized by its limited access and grade separated intersections. This includes
expressways and parkways. |
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Term
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Definition
A through traffic system across and between urban areas. Allows direct access to
adjacent properties, but is characterized by control of entrances, exits, and curb use. |
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Term
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Definition
This provides for movement of traffic between major arterials and local
streets with direct access to adjacent properties. Traffic control is usually provided by signals and stop signs
on side streets. |
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Term
|
Definition
This provides for local traffic movement with direct access to adjacent
properties and traffic control with stop signs. |
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Term
| Roadway location determinants |
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Definition
1. Present and proposed land uses.
2. Present and proposed circulation routes (all types).
3. Topography
4. Scenic opportunities
5. Safety
6. Respond to natural forces and features by respecting and accentuating qualities of the landscape. |
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Term
| Site distance should be considered for what occurances? |
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Definition
1. Unplanned (animals darting onto the roadway)
2. Planned (directional signage or interchanges) |
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Term
| How many sf per car should be used to estimate the area needed for average stalls, isles and reasonable amount of landscaping & lighting? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (by the US Dept. of Trans) |
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Term
| List the functional design aspects of plants. |
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Definition
1. Directing views
2. Directing movement
3. Spatial definition
4. Screening
5. Climate control
6. Physical control |
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Term
| List the 6 types of size-graded evergreens from smallest to largest. |
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Definition
1. Creeping or prostrate types
2. Semi-spreading types
3. Broad-spreading, glove and upright types
4. Cone type
5. Broad upright type
6. Columnar type |
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Term
| List the 4 types size-graded young plants from smallest to largest. |
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Definition
1. No stems
2. Single stem
3. Stoloniferous
4. Vining |
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Term
| List the 5 types size-graded broadleaf evergreens from smallest to largest. |
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Definition
1. Spreading types
2. Semi-spreading types
3. Globe or dwarf types
4. Broad upright types
5. Cone types |
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Term
| How many acres in a square mile or section? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase 1 environmental site assessment |
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Definition
historical review, local environmental oversight agency interviews, government environmental database review, inspection of subject property
and surrounding areas, conclusions regarding the presence or potential presence of environmental
liabilities at the subject property, recommendations |
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Term
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Definition
| Those soils that are sufficiently wet in the upper part to develop anaerobic conditions during the growing season. |
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Term
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Definition
| Approximately equal parts sand and silt plus up to 25% clay. Often found in flood plains, good farm land. Perfect for plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surveying sight on a previously established survey point |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey conducted several times during a construction project to verify, for local and state boards (USA), that the work authorized was completed to the specifications set on the Plot Plan or Site Plan. This usually entails a complete survey of the site to confirm that the structures, utilities, and roadways proposed were built in the proper locations authorized in the Plot Plan or Site Plan. As-builts are usually done 2-3 times during the building of a house; once after the foundation has been poured; once after the walls are put up; and at the completion of construction. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| List 9 cool season turf grasses. |
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Definition
1. Annual Ryegrass
2. Perennial ryegrass
3. Colonial bentgrass
4. Creeping bentgrass
5. Highland bentgrass
6. Kentucky bluegrass
7. Red fescue
8. Tall fescue
9. Weeping alkaligrass |
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Term
| List 7 warm season turf grasses. |
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Definition
1. Bermuda grass (common)
2. Bermuda grass (hybrid)
3. Dichondra
4. Kikuyugrass
5. Seashore paspalum
6. St. Augustine grass
7. Zoysia grass |
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Term
| List the characteristics of dichondra. |
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Definition
1. Coarse texture
2. Moderate heat tolerance
3. Moderate cold tolerance
4. Low salinity tolerance
5. Moderate cut mowing height
6. Low drought tolerance
7. Moderately high nitrogen requirement
8. High disease incidence
9. Moderately high shade tolerance
10. Moderate complete injury recovery
11. Low wear resistance
12. Moderate establishment rate
13. Moderate wear recovery
14. High maintenance cost/effort |
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Term
| List the 4 types of lights and their heights. |
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Definition
1. Low level landscape lights (<6inches)
2. Intermediate height lights (10'-15')
3. Parking lot and roadway lights (20'-50')
4. High mast lights (60'-100') |
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Term
| List the 5 types of lighting effects. |
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Definition
1. Uplighting
2. Silhouette
3. Spotlighting
4. Spread or flood lighting
5. Path lighting |
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Term
Incandescent lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 10-25
2. 750-2000
3. Warm white
4. Low
5. High |
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Term
Fluorescent lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 40-80
2. 7500-15000
3. Warm to cool white
4. Medium
5. Medium |
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Term
Mercury vapor lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 25-60
2. 24000
3. Cool white
4. Medium
5. Medium |
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Term
Metal halide lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 65-105
2. 7500-20000
3. Cool white
4. Medium to high
5. Medium |
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Term
High-pressure sodium lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 60-120
2. 24000 +
3. Yellowish
4. High
5. Low |
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Term
High-pressure sodium lamp (delux)
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 75-80
2. 24000 +
3. Warm white
4. High
5. Low |
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Term
Low-pressure sodium lamp
1. What's the lumen/watt?
2. What are the light hours?
3. What's the apparent color?
4. What's the initial cost?
5. What's the energy cost? |
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Definition
1. 70-150
2. 20000 +
3. Yellow-orange
4. High
5. Very Low |
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Term
| To whom and when should an LA present a project to? Why? |
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Definition
| To the city commissioners and planners at the front end of the design process. This is critical for gauging the opinions of the people whom the LA will be dealing with. |
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Term
| Why is an amenities board good to present to a client making material and furnishing choices? |
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Definition
| They better illustrate the variety of components that could be used on a particular project. It usually consolidates components from several catalogs which helps simplify the client's choices. |
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Term
| What is a fundamental use diagram? (FUD) |
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Definition
| It illustrates general project components while taking into consideration the components' sizes, shapes, and relationships to one another. |
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Term
| What is the best way to help a client determine the type of development they want to proceed with? |
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Definition
| By taking them to similar existing projects. The process generates ideas, and face-to-face contact is an added benefit since it enhances communication, feedback and creative brainstorming. |
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Term
| What does a good work plan account for and define? |
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Definition
1. Work to be completed
2. The deadlines
3. The costs for each task
4. The parties responsible for completing the work |
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Term
| What are the LA's objectives when defining a project and eliciting client needs? |
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Definition
Determine:
1. the client's goals
2. the tasks that will need to be performed
3. the timetables associated with the project.
The specific project costs are generally determined during a later stage of the project. |
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Term
| What is a site assessment used to determine? |
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Definition
1. If the site is appropriate for the intended development.
2. What the associated costs will be.
A site plan is generally not included. |
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Term
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Definition
| A good way to discover the attitudes of a wide variety of potential users. They allow groups to discuss topics in depth and they provide opportunities for participants' views to be considered. Focus group conversations can be spontaneous and can elicit solutions to a variety of potential project concerns. The client can be included in the process. |
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Term
| What's the best way to start a focus group discussion? |
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Definition
| Start with broad questions, which will generate opinions on various topics. The topics can later be pared down to more specific questions or ideas. |
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Term
| List 3 characteristics of a task. |
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Definition
1. Has a definable scope.
2. Requires a level of effort.
3. Has start and completion dates.
It may or may not be associated with a larger project component. |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey technique that describes an area of land by means of a series of connected lines. A traverse may either be open or closed depending on what is being surveyed. Roads are typically open traverses, which property boundaries are closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of determining a distance based on the height observation of a 6ft object. It is not used by surveyors to survey a site boundary. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of determining the elevations of certain points or arbitrary points. Typically used to determine the topography of a site. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process for taking vertical measurement and is typically used on extremely hilly sites. |
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Term
| List one example of information a capital improvements program provide? |
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Definition
| Which city services are to be upgraded, repaired or constructed. |
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Term
| Describe a good inventory and analysis. |
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Definition
| It should look at all aspects of a site and then evaluate them to give clients a justification for why design components are placed where they are. Inventory and analysis should be completed in a fashion, either graphically or in written form, that is understandable to the client. |
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Term
| Describe what a quadrangle map shows. |
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Definition
1. Topography
2. Township/range/section information
3. New construction since the last print in purple ink.
4. Structures
5. Water
6. Roadways
It does not show land use. |
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Term
| Describe a Comprehensive Community Master Plan |
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Definition
A general guide on how a community
generally looks at existing zoning, but growth areas indicated may not be a direct reflection of how the city has developed up to such a point. Not a legally binding document. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a hearing for an amendment request? |
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Definition
A formal opportunity for the landscape architect to present a proposal for allowing a project to go forward with exemptions from the existing code.
It would not allow for revisions to a jurisdiction's code nor would a LA be allowed to present variations to a plan. |
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Term
| What map best illustrates a city's districts and is used to control growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an assessor's map used for? |
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Definition
| To locate buildings and land in order to establish or determine their worth. |
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Term
| What is a city master plan map used for? |
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Definition
| To show how a city may be developed over time. It relates to a zoning map, in that certain areas remain as they are, but other areas may become residential where commercial or industrial structures once stood. |
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Term
|
Definition
Environmental Site Assessment is performed by an environmental professional that includes 3 tasks:
1. Interviews and site reconnaissance
2. Review and interpretation of information
3. Oversight of the report writing process
Consists of the following four components:
1. A more thorough review of records
2. A site visit
3. Interviews with the owner and/or operator of the property
4. Report documentation |
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Term
| What pH range is considered to be medium alkaline? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What pH range is considered to be slightly alkaline? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What pH range is considered to be slightly acidic? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What pH range is considered to be strongly acidic? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What pH range is considered to be strongly alkaline? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 most coarse textured and 3 most fine textures turf grasses. |
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Definition
Coarse:
1. Dichondra
2. St. Augustine
3. Kikuyugrass
Fine:
1. Red fescue
2. Creeping bentgrass
3. Hybrid bermuda grass |
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Term
| List the 3 most heat tolerant and 3 least heat tolerant turf grasses. |
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Definition
Most:
1. Zoysia
2. Hybrid bermuda
3. Common bermuda
Least:
1. Red fescue
2. Weeping alkaligrass
3. Colonial bentgrass |
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Term
| List the 3 most cold tolerant and 3 least cold tolerant turf grasses. |
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Definition
Most:
1. Creeping bentgrass
2. Kentucky bluegrass
3. Red fescue
Least:
1. St. Augustine
2. Seashore paspalum
3. Kikuyugrass |
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Term
| List the 3 of the highest and 3 of the lowest salinity resistant turf grasses. |
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Definition
Highest:
1. Seashore paspalum
2. Weeping alkaligrass
3. Hybrid bermuda
Lowest:
1. Dichondra
2. Colonial bentgrass
3. Highland bentgrass |
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Term
| List the 3 of the highest cut and 3 of the lowest cut mowed turf grasses. |
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Definition
Highest:
1. Tall fescue
2. Red fescue
3. Kentucky bluegrass
Lowest:
1. Creeping bentgrass
2. Hybrid bermuda
3. Seashore paspalum |
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Term
| List the 3 most drought tolerant and 3 least drought tolerant turf grasses. |
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Definition
Most:
1. Hybrid bermuda
2. Zoysia
3. Common bermuda
Least:
1. Dicondra
2. Weeping alkaligrass
3. Colonial bentgrass |
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Term
| List the 3 of the highest and 3 of the lowest nitrogen requiring turf grasses. |
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Definition
Highest:
1. Creeping bentgrass
2. Hybrid bermuda
3. Dichondra
Lowest:
1. Kikuyugrass
2. Zoysia
3. Red fescue |
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Term
| List the 3 of the highest and 3 of the lowest disease incident turf grasses. |
|
Definition
Highest:
1. Dichondra
2. Creeping bentgrass
3. Weeping alkaligrass
Lowest:
1. Kikuyugrass
2. Common bermuda
3. Zoysia |
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Term
| List the 3 most shade tolerant and 3 least shade tolerant turf grasses. |
|
Definition
Most:
1. Red fescue
2. St. Augustine
3. Zoysia
Least:
1. Common bermuda
2. Hybrid bermuda
3. Weeping alkaligrass |
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Term
| Regarding sever injury recovery of turf grasses, list the 3 showing most complete and 3 showing partial recovery. |
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Definition
Complete:
1. Hybrid bermuda
2. Kikuyugrass
3. Common bermuda
Partial:
1. Weeping alkaligrass
2. Colonial bentgrass
3. Red fescue |
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Term
| List the 3 of the highest and 3 of the lowest wear resistant turf grasses. |
|
Definition
Highest:
1. Zoysia
2. Kikuyugrass
3. Hybrid bermuda
Lowest:
1. Dicondra
2. Weeping alkaligrass
3. Creeping bentgrass |
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|
Term
| Of the turf grasses, list the 3 with the fastest and 3 with the slowest establishment rate. |
|
Definition
Fastest:
1. Perennial rye
2. Tall fescue
3. Common bermuda
Slowest:
1. Zoysia
2. St. Augustine
3. Seashore paspalum |
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|
Term
| Of the turf grasses, list the 3 with the fastest and 3 with the slowest wear recovery. |
|
Definition
Fastest:
1. Hybrid bermuda
2. Kikuyugrass
3. Common bermuda
Slowest:
1. Colonial bentgrass
2. Zoysia
3. Weeping alkaligrass |
|
|
Term
| List the 3 of the highest and 3 of the lowest maintenance cost/effort turf grasses. |
|
Definition
Highest:
1. Creeping bentgrass
2. Dichondra
3. Hybrid bermuda
Lowest:
1. Kikuyugrass
2. Common bermuda
3. Tall fescue |
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Term
| Name 3 restrictions on personal property. |
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Definition
1. Landscape easement
2. Drainage right-of-way
3. Building setbacks
Open-space dedication is not a restriction on the use of private property. In most cases an open-space land owner may put the land to personal use, such as farming. |
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Term
| List some benefits of wetland banking. |
|
Definition
1. It consolidates the creation of smaller wetlands.
2. It transfers the responsibility of creating wetlands from the developer to others.
3. It provides incentives for others to restore wetlands.
It does not eliminate the loss of larger low-quality wetlands. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The climate of a small area that differs from that of the surrounding regional area. It may be warmer/colder, wetter/drier, or more/less prone to frosts than the surrounding area. They can be small or extensive. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best resource to consult to determine a development site's past uses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most productive and sensitive of all ecosystems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most productive and sensitive wetland type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of problems will sediment from a construction site cause? |
|
Definition
1. Decline in water quality, aquatic vegetation, recreation and navigation
2. Unwanted biological growth, algal blooms and increased turbidity
3. Frequent flooding in areas that never or rarely flooded in the past. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An official revision to the currently effective FEMA map. It is used to change flood elevations, flood zones, floodplain and floodway delineations, and planimetric features. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most appropriate erosion control method where erosion is prevalent and rills or channels are developing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is rock that has been crushed or broken to form sharp-angled edges that help with interlocking and maintaining better connectivity when sheer forces are applied. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It is tasked with responding to, planning for, overseeing recovery from, and mitigating against disasters, including floods. |
|
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Term
| What influences runoff volume? |
|
Definition
1. Site area
2. The amount of water entering and leaving the watershed.
3. The existing storm drainage system allows water to be released. If there's an increase to the water volume and no increase in storm drain capacity, the resulting imbalance may cause flooding. |
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|
Term
| When is a preliminary plan prepared in relation to the site analysis? |
|
Definition
| After the site analysis is completed. |
|
|
Term
| What do mass/void diagrams illustrate? |
|
Definition
| The amounts of the various components on a site such as paving, vegetation, structures, roads and streets. |
|
|
Term
| What requirements define a "defensible space"? |
|
Definition
1. The space should extend at least 100' in all directions.
2. Gravel pathways, shrub beds, and rock mulch adjacent to the structure must be maintained.
3. Native woody plants should occure intermittently.
4. Tree limbs should not touch or hang over the structure.
5. Living plants should be arranged irregularly so that the fuel supply is discontinuous. |
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|
Term
| Instead of regional climate data in a site analysis sheet set, what would be more appropriate to include? |
|
Definition
| Local and microclimate issues. |
|
|
Term
| _____._____._____._____._____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _ _ _____ _ _ _____ _ _ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____..._____..._____..._____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When considering noise at a site, what should be reviewed, documented and mitigated as necessary? |
|
Definition
1. The intensity
2. Source
3. Duration
4. Direction
5. Type |
|
|
Term
| Conducting interviews with a sampling of neighborhood residents might not produce a real consensus of the neighbor's opinions and outlooks. |
|
Definition
| People will tend to have individual concerns that might not represent the neighborhood's overall value system. |
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|
