Term
|
Definition
| the phonetic process in which the point or manner of articulation of a sound changes so it is closer to that of a neighboring sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to speak two languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an innate grammar thought by some to guide children in constructing Creole languages from pidgins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using more than one variety of language in a single situation or sometimes in different situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets of words in related languages that can be shown to have descended from a common ancestral language; cognates have similar meanings, and they show regular sound correspondences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of sounds that appear to correspond to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complete language that has emerged out of a pidgin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the situation where two or more varieties of the same language are used by speakers in different settings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change that occurs due to language contact and borrowing between speakers of different languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of languages thought to have descended from a common ancestor |
|
|
Term
| Genetically related languages: |
|
Definition
| languages that have descended from the same ancestor language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of measuring time change in language (time that separates sister language from the mother language)(same as lexicostatistics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change that occurs due to the way speakers of a language gradually modify their language over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a language that cannot be classified into any other language family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of measuring time change in language (time that separates sister language from the mother language) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| language that has contributed the majority of the words in a pidgin or a Creole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets of language families tat appear to have descended from a common ancient language (same as phyla) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in historical reconstruction, the assumption that, if there is no phonetically plausible reason to choose a particular sound for a reconstruction, then the choice should be based on whichever sound appears most frequently in the correspondence set |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique in which lists of words from large numbers of languages are compared all at once to determine that languages are related rather using the slow, painstaking reconstruction of protolanguages from languages already known to be related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a language designated as official government policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phonetic process in which the point of articulation of a sound is moved closer to the palate |
|
|
Term
| Phonetic plausible strategy: |
|
Definition
| in historical reconstruction, the assumption that the choice is among alternative reconstructions should be based on what seems plausible given what is known about the ways that languages change and the relationships between the sounds on a reconstructed phonetic chart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets of language families tat appear to have descended from a common ancient language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a language that has developed, through contact, from two unrelated languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which speakers analyze unfamiliar words into familiar-looking components and assign familiar meanings to those components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dialects that have developed from a single parent language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| languages that have developed from a single ancestral language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a situation in which individuals and communities maintain their bilingualism on a long term basis |
|
|
Term
| Transitional bilingualism: |
|
Definition
| a situation in which individuals gradually abandon their bilingualism in favor of speaking a more dominant language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phonetic process in which the manner of pronunciation is changed to make a sound voiced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed by August Schleicher and supported Protolanguage and Proto Indo European language theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semantic/Sociocultural change: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when sounds or vowels change such as the Great English Word Shift, or the unconditional sound change in the 15-18th centuries, or long vowels moving upwards |
|
|
Term
| Unconditional sound changes: |
|
Definition
| changes that always occur no matter what sounds are around them such as the “ll” in Spanish is always a “y” sound. |
|
|
Term
| Conditional sound changes: |
|
Definition
| changes that occur depending on what sounds are around it such as “x” can be “x” except when it begins a word such as xylophone producing a “z” sound |
|
|
Term
| Great English Vowel Shift |
|
Definition
| Vowels went high and longer than before by increasing the height of the tongue |
|
|
