Term
|
Definition
Used in language two different ways,
1.Intonation
2.Tone
Relative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pitch pattern over entire utterance and is usually used to indicate emotions, convey thoughts or attitudes, or to distiguish between such things as questions and statements, NOT ONE WORD FROM THE OTHER.
Mood, attitude
Intonation Contour
Distributed over entire phrases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punctuation used to show it. |
|
|
Term
| Distributed over entire Phrases |
|
Definition
| Entire utterances, eg. sentance or phrase. |
|
|
Term
| Tonal languages, tone languages |
|
Definition
Contrastive meaning
different pitches=tone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contrastive meaning
Level Tones
Contour Tone
Glide (tone glides)
Pertaining to single word or syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pitch is perceived to stay the same throughout an entire syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A language utilizes tone glides that have been analyzed as not being sequence of level tones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pitch perceived to rise or fall or both within single syllable.
Different than vowel glide=change of vowel quality caused by shift in tongue and or lip position, pitch probs stays same. |
|
|
Term
| Pertaining to single word or syllable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Syllable is in some way more prominant than the others in the same word.
One or more of these qualities:
-Spoken more loudly
-Higher pitch of voice
-Longer vowel
-Contain any of vowels used in language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opposite of Stressed Syllable.
Contains one or two of qualities:
-Spoken more softly
-Lower pitch
-shorter vowel
-contain one or more restricted selection of vowels--often fairly neutral vowels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most stressed syllable
(')-preceding stressed syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Somewhat stressed syllable
(,)-preceding stressed syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beyond scope of individual words to whole phrases.
(o)-a little higher, before stressed syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Give impression that stressed syllables occur at roughly even time intervals regardless of number of intervening unstressed syllables.
eg. Enlgish and other Germainic languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All syllables tend to have approximatly the same duration.
e.g. Spanish and French. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to amount of time used for articultion of an individual speech sound or a sequence of speed sounds, such as a syllable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When different degrees of duration are used contrastively in a language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon (:) or triangles in those places |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raised period or raised triangle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral speech sound in which there is an air passageway over one or both sides of the tongue and not over center.
Either Fricative of Approximant
e.g. [l] "long" "lie" "low" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Airstream is grealty but not completely impeded.
Turbulence characteristic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sound produced by two articulators comming close to each other.
Continuant not stops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulators not close enough for audible turbulence characteristic of fricative or complete impedence of a stop. |
|
|
Term
| Voiceless Glottal Fricative |
|
Definition
| [h] segment that may function as a consonant or as a vowel. Turbulence distributed throughout vocal tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[?] looks like but with dash at bottom.
Completely impeded at vocal folds, (which are the articulators). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Implies airstream is directed by articulators but not impeded sufficiently to produce either stoppage of airstream or audible turbulence at place of impedence.
-Frictionless oral speech sound involving shaping but not obstruction of airstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
approximant which passageway for airstream is over central part of tongue rather than sides.
Semivowel or nonsyllabic vowel |
|
|
Term
| Semivowel or Nonsyllabic vowel |
|
Definition
Central oral sonorants
non-nuclear elements in a syllable
-shorter in duration and made with greater constricting between articulators than vowels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Speech sounds with "r" quality.
e.g. "her" "fur" "sir" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sounds made with tip of tongue curled backward toward place on hard palate just behing alveolar ridge, and DOES NOT make contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sounds articulated by the tongue front coming close to or contacting the hard palate, forward of the velum, have this articulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulated by the tongue back coming close to or constricting the back part of the velum, including the uvula, have this place of articulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
They function as the nucleus of a syllable, like vowels
e.g. hidn (with little mark under "n") instead of hid den |
|
|
Term
| Prenasalized stops and affricates |
|
Definition
a. same place of articulation
b. superscript
c. no contrasting tone-same unit
d. always voiced (stop after can be voiced or voiceless) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function as the nucleus of a syllable, like vowels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little mark beneath consonant symbol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
include a brief nasal onset during the first part of the articulation.
-prenasalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An oral stop or affricate as a very brief velic opening preceding an oral stop
(or stop portion of an oral affricate)
during which the primary articulators of the nasal and the stop remain constant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (audible release) Will be followed by aspiration and symbolized with a superscripted schwa, if consonant is voiced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(No release or inaudible release)
Active articulator maintains contact with the passive articulator or released inaudibly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves audible release of one consonants articulators before the articulation of the next consonant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulation of the second consonant is initiated before the articulation of the first consonant is released. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palato-Alveolar or Laminal Alveolar.
Shifting active articulators slightly forward. (+) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tongue tip touches back at upper front teeth or the root of the mouth just behind upper teeth or both. ([)-(sideways) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
curling tongue backwards to make contact with an area slightly behind the prototypical alveolar or palato alveolar positions. (;)--together upside down looking
Retroflex-Sounds made with tip of tongue curled backward toward place on hard palate just behind alveolar ridge, may or may not make contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the entire tongue is shifted backwards slightly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulating usind BLADE of tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulating with TIP of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retroflexing of vowels produces this sound quality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tongue tip curls backward toward on area just behind alveolar ridge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"laminal alveolars"
Passive Articulator: alveolar ridge
Active Articulator: Tongue Blade |
|
|
Term
| Retrofled Palato-Alveolar |
|
Definition
Passive articulator: behind alveolar ridge
Active Articulator: Underside or end of tongue tip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Overfronted" produced by "overfronting" the tongue tip so that it protrudes between the front teeth as for interdental fricatives, rather than touching the root of the mouth at the alveolar ridge or behind the upper front teeth. |
|
|
