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Language of Medicine - Chapter 7
Urinary System
43
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/20/2009

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Term
nitrogen
Definition
Term
nitrogen wastes
Definition
Term
urine
Definition
Term
electrolytes
Definition
Term
sodium
Definition
Term
potassium
Definition
Term
Renin
Definition
Term
erythropoietin
Definition
Term
parts of the kidney
Definition
cortex, medulla, hilum, uretter(s), urinary bladder, trigone, uretha, and meatus. Also renal arteries, arterioles, capillaries, gomerulus, Bowman's capsule, renal tubule, nephon, renal pelvis, calyces (or calices)
Term
micturition
Definition
urination, voiding, expelling urine
Term
byproducts of urine filtration
Definition
water, salts, sugar, urea, nitrogen waste (creatinine and urinic acid)
Term
arteriole
Definition
small artery
Term
Bowman capsule
Definition
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.
Term
calyx or calix
(plural: calyces or calices)
Definition
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
Term
What do they test for when they do do a urinalysis?
Definition
color
appearance
cloudy (turbid)
pus (pyuria)
pH
acidic or alkaline (basic)
Protein
albumin
Term
cyst/o
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
glomerul/o
Definition
glomerulus
Term
meat/o
Definition
meatus
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney
Term
pyel/o
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
trigon/o
Definition
trigone (region of the bladder)
Term
ureter/o
Definition
ureter
Term
urethr/o
Definition
uretha
Term
vesic/o
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney
Term
albumin/o
Definition
albumin (a protein in the blood)
Term
azot/o
Definition
nitrogen
Term
cali/o calic/o
Definition
calyx (calix)
Term
albuminuria
Definition
may indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane
Term
Microalbuminuria
Definition
recognized as the earliest sign of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus
In diabetes mellius there is excess sugar in the in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia) which leads to “spills over” into the urine because the renal tubules cannot reabsorb all the sugar that filters out through the glomerular membrane.
Term
ketone bodies (or acetones, which is a type of ketone body)
Definition
by-products resulting from increased delivery of free fatty acids to the liver. Ketones are dangerous because they increase the acidity of the blood (acidosis)
Term
when the body breaks down fat, instead of sugar ketones accumulate in large quantities in the blood and urine.
Definition
Term
sediment and casts
Definition
abnormal particles in the urine. Can included ipithelial cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts.
Term
Casts
Definition
cylindrical structures of protein often containing cellular elements
Term
bilirubin
Definition
pigment substance resulting from hemoglobin breakdown. Gives urine a darker appearance. indicates liver or gallbladder disease or excessive hemolysis. When liver cant remove bilirubin from the blood hypervilirubienemia occurs, and bilirubinuria follows.
Term
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Definition
occurs when infants are born lacking the important enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
Term
abscess
Definition
collection of pus
Term
acetone
Definition
type of ketone body, byproduct from the catabolism of fatty acids
Term
albuminuria
Definition
when the protein albumin is in the urine. May indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane.
Term
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Definition
hormone from the pituitary gland that normally acts on the renal tubules to cause water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream
Term
anuria
Definition
condition caused by renal dysfunction or failure or urinary tract obstruction
Term
arteriole
Definition
small artery
Term
azotemia
Definition
toxic condition characteristic of uremia Indicated by an elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) test
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