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Language of Medicine Chapter 21
Medical terminology and abbreviations for Chapter 21
106
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2010

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Term
addiction
Definition
Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.
Term
additive action
Definition
Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
Term
aerosol
Definition
Particles of drug suspended in air.
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein.
Term
antagonistic action
Definition
Combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action).
Term
antidote
Definition
Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.
Term
brand name
Definition
Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.
Term
chemical name
Definition
Chemical formula for a drug.
Term
contraindications
Definition
Factors in the patient's condition that prevent the use of a particular drug or treatment.
Term
controlled substances
Definition
Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and dependence and have potential for abuse of addiction.
Term
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Definition
Governmental agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.
Term
generic name
Definition
Legal noncommercial name for a drug.
Term
iatrongenic
Definition
Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.
Term
idiosyncrasy
Definition
Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients.
Term
inhalation
Definition
Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.
Term
medicinal chemistry
Definition
Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.
Term
molecular pharmacology
Definition
Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors.
Term
oral administration
Definition
Drugs are given by mouth.
Term
parenteral administration
Definition
Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract).
Term
pharmacist
Definition
Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.
Term
pharmacy
Definition
Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
Term
pharmacodynamics
Definition
Study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.
Term
pharmacokinetics
Definition
Calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.
Term
pharmacologist
Definition
Specialist in the study of the properties, uses and actions of drugs.
Term
pharmacology
Definition
Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
Term
receptor
Definition
Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
Term
rectal administration
Definition
Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
Term
side effect
Definition
Adverse reaction that routinely results from the use of a drug.
Term
sublingual administration
Definition
Drugs are given by placement under the tongue.
Term
synergism
Definition
Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.
Term
syringe
Definition
Instrument (tube) for introduction or withdrawing fluids from the body.
Term
tolerance
Definition
Large and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect.  The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progress.
Term
topical application
Definition
Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically.
Term
toxicity
Definition
Harmful effects of a drug.
Term
toxicology
Definition
Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.
Term
transport
Definition
Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
Term
vitamin
Definition
Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
Term
ACE inhibitor
Definition
Lowers blood pressure.  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Term
amphetamine
Definition
Central nervous system stimulant.
Term
analgesic
Definition
Relieves pain.
Term
androgen
Definition
Male hormone.
Term
anesthetic
Definition
Reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.
Term
angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Definition
Lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.
Term
antacid
Definition
Neutralizes acid in the stomach.
Term
antiandrogen
Definition
Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.
Term
antiarrhythmic
Definition
Treats abnormal heart rhythms.
Term
antibiotic
Definition
Chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.
Term
anticoagulant
Definition
Prevents blood clotting.
Term
anticonvulsant
Definition
Prevents convulsions.
Term
antidepressant
Definition
Relieves symptoms of depression
Term
antidiarrheal
Definition
Prevents diarrhea.
Term
antiemetic
Definition
Prevents nausea and vomiting.
Term
antihistamine
Definition
Block the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
Term
antinauseant
Definition
Relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.
Term
antiplatelet
Definition
Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.
Term
antiulcer
Definition
Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.
Term
antiviral
Definition
Acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.
Term
aromatase inhibitor
Definition
Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.
Term
bactericidal
Definition
Kills bacteria.
Term
beta-blocker
Definition
Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal and antihypertensive.
Term
bisphosphonate
Definition
Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Term
caffeine
Definition
Central nervous system stimulant.
Term
calcium channel blocker
Definition
Blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal and antihypertensive; also called calcium antagonist.
Term
cardiovascular drug
Definition
Acts on the heart and blood vessels.  This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.
Term
cathartic
Definition
Relieves constipation.
Term
diuretic
Definition
Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.
Term
emetic
Definition
Promotes vomiting.
Term
endocrine
Definition
A hormone or hormone-like drug.  Examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids.
Term
estrogen
Definition
Female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.
Term
gastrointestinal
Definition
Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.  Examples are antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives and antinauseants (antiemetics).
Term
glucocorticoid
Definition
Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation.
Term
hypnotic
Definition
Produces sleep or a trance-like state.
Term
laxative
Definition
Weak cathartic.
Term
narcotic
Definition
Habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples.
Term
progestin
Definition
Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.
Term
purgative
Definition
Relieves constipation; strong cathartic.
Term
respiratory drug
Definition
Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system.  Bronchodilators are examples.
Term
sedative
Definition
A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep.  Benzodiazepines are examples.
Term
stimulant
Definition
Excites and promotes activity.  Caffeine and amphetamines are examples.
Term
thyroid hormone
Definition
Stimulates cellular metabolism.
Term
tranquilizer
Definition
Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
Term
a.c, ac
Definition
Before meals
Term
ACE
Definition
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Term
Ad lib
Definition
Freely, as desired
Term
APAP
Definition
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Term
b.i.d., bid
Definition
Two times a day
Term
Definition
with
Term
Caps
Definition
Capsules
Term
Cc
Definition
Cubic centimeter
Term
FDA
Definition
Food & Drug Administration
Term
Gm, g
Definition
Gram
Term
Gtt
Definition
Drops
Term
H
Definition
Hour
Term
h.s, hs
Definition
Bedtime
Term
H2 blocker
Definition
Histamine h2 receptor antagonist
Term
HRT
Definition
Hormone replacement therapy
Term
IM
Definition
Intramuscular
Term
INH
Definition
Isoniazid – antituberculosis agent
Term
IV
Definition
intraveneous
Term
MAOI
Definition
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Term
mg
Definition
milligram
Term
ml, mL
Definition
milliliter
Term
NOP
Definition
Nothing by mouth
Term
NSAID
Definition
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Term
Definition
After (post)
Term
p.c., pc
Definition
After meals
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