Term
|
Definition
| Production error involving the addition of extra units (out of the blue) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypothesis that each morpheme is stored individually in the mental lexicon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Production error in which a later unit is substituted for an earlier unit or in which a later unit is added earlier in an utterance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to perceive, process, or produce language because of physical damage to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In speech production, a production error in which two words "fuse" unto a single item. In language change, a new word created by combining the parts of two different words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to plan the motor sequences used in speech or sign owing to damage to Broca's area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the region of the brain located at the base of the motor cortex in the left hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon by which people perceive entities differently after learning to categorize them: differences within categories are compressed, and differences across categories are expanded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| descriptions of a word's meaning, used when a speaker is unable to name the intended word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Competence error in which a speaker regularly uses a semantically incorrect word in place of a phonetically similar word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the cohort model of lexical access, the cohort is the set of all the words that remain on the list of possible words as the auditory input progresses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Model of lexical access in which possible words in the mental lexicon are identified based on the initial sounds of the word; impossible words are eliminated as the auditory input progresses. A word is accessed once all other competitor words are eliminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In speech recognition, the additional ease with which a word may be accessed owing to related meanings of the words preceding it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Property of the brain such that one side of the body is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain: the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer surface of the brain responsible for many of the brain's cognitive abilities or functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experiment that presents two different sounds (speech and/or nonspeech) simultaneously, one in each ear. Participants indicate which sound they have heard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experimental protocol in which participants' eye movements are recorded, allowing researchers to draw conclusions about processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| additional ease with which a word is accessed owing to its repeated occurrence in the discourse or context |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypothesis that every word is stored as a separate entry in the mental lexicon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon by which people are fooled into thinking a sentence has a different structure than it actually does because of a temporary ambiguity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two nearly symmetrical halves of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the cohort model of lexical access, the words that are activated as possible candidates when the first sound of a word is perceived |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problem in speech perception because no sound is ever produced exactly the same way twice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parts of the cortex of the brain that, as far as we know, are used only for the production and comprehension of language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialization of the brain hemispheres for different cognitive functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The left side of the brain; the location of many language-controlling parts of the brain for most people; receives and controls nerve input from the right half of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes the fact that phonological errors give rise to real words more often than chance would predict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An experimental protocol in which a participant is asked to identify stimuli as words or non-words and the decision time is measured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The task of recognizing single whole words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Performance error by which a speaker uses a semantically incorrect word in place of a phonetically similar word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effect illustrating that we rely not only on an acoustic signal in the perception of speech, but also on visual information. Occurs when a video showing a person producing one sound is dubbed with a sound-recording of the production of a different sound, and an observer's perception of the sound is affected by both kinds of input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A task in which a participant responds to a stimulus by saying the word for the stimulus aloud while an experimenter measures the response time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any task that is designed to reveal what happens during a process and when during the process it happens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertains to a model of speech processing in which different stages are all processed simultaneously and influence each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area of the brain that is least involved in language perception and production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Production error in which an earlier unit is substituted for a later unit or in which an earlier unit is added later in an utterance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hearing a sound that was not actually produced, because the sound fits the context of the utterance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In language processing, the stimulus presented in a priming task right before the stimulus of interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any experimental task in which participants are presented with a stimulus right before the stimulus of interest in order to see how or whether presentation of the earlier stimulus affects the response to the stimulus of interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inadvertent flaws in a speaker's use of his or her language: "slips of the tongue" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the brain and how it functions in the production, perception, comprehension, storage, and acquisition of language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A psycholinguistic phenomenon whereby word recognition or production occurs faster owing to recent exposure to that word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The right half of the brain, which is in charge of processing music, perceiving nonlinguistic sounds, and performing tasks that require visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition, receives and controls nerve input from the left half of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertains to a model of speech processing in which different stages of the model form a series or succession, each influencing only those that follow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In speech production, a production error in which a linguistic unit is moved from one location to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The processes involved in understanding speech and sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The processes involved in producing speech and sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Production error in which the first sounds of two separate words are switched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In language processing, a production error in which one unit is replaced with another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The analysis (by a human or computer) of the syntactic structure of a sentence; the reconstruction of the syntactic structure from a string of words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In priming tasks, the stimulus of interest that follows the prime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Point in the articulation of a word at which the word can be uniquely identified relative to all other words in the language that may begin with the same sound or sequence of sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes a phrase or sentence that is grammatical, yet for which a person is unable to determine the syntactic structure, often due to the garden path effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A speech disorder, commonly associated with brain damage to Wernicke's area, that involves the inability to understand linguistic input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A region of the brain found in the left hemisphere at or around the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure |
|
|
