Term
| Active Construction of a Grammar Theory |
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Definition
| Theory of child language which says that children acquire a language by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them |
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Definition
| A phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and owels. Generally begins around the age of 6 months |
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| State of commanding two languages; having linguistic competence in two languages |
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Definition
| The continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like [mamama] by infants also called repeated babbling |
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Definition
| Speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants. In many Western societies, child-directed speech is slow and high-pitched and has many repetitions, simplified syntax, exaggerated intonation, and a simple and concrete vocab |
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Definition
| Using words or structural elements from more than one language within the same conversation (or even within a single sentence or phrase) |
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Term
| Conditioned Head-Turn Procedure (HT) |
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Definition
| Experimental technique usually used with infants between five and eighteen months with two phases: conditioning and testing. During the conditioning phase, the infant learns to associate a change in sound with the activation of visual reinforcers, first presented at the same time and then in succession, such that the infant begins to anticipate the appearance of the visual reinforcers and look at them before they are activated. During the testing phase, when the infant looks to the visual reinforcers immediately after a change in sound, it suggests that the infant has perceived the change in sound, thereby demonstrating the ability to discriminate between the two sounds involved. |
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Definition
| Age span, usually described as lasting from birth to the onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to language and must build the critical brain structures necessary in order to gain native speaker competence in a language |
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Definition
| Child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults, often with animals |
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Term
| First-Language (L1) Acquisition |
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Definition
| The process by which children acquire the lexicon and grammatical rules of their native language |
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Definition
| An accent that is marked by the phonology of another language or other languages that are more familiar to the speaker |
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Definition
| Process through which forms from a speaker's non-native language usage become fixed (generally in a way that would be considered ungrammatical by a native speaker) and do not change, even after years of instruction |
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Definition
| Determined by factors present from birth |
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| A hypothesis that humans are generally predisposed to learn and use language |
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| Property believed to be held in common by all natural languages |
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| The state of commanding three or more languages; having linguistic competence in three or more languages |
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| A child who is neglected by caretakers, often resulting in significantly lower exposure to language as a child |
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Definition
| Stage in first-language acquisition during which children can produce only one word at a time |
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Definition
| In the study of child language acquisition, a relationship between child and adult perception of word meaning: the child's application of a given word has a wider range than the application of the same word in adult language |
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Definition
| In the study of child language acquisition, a relationship between child and adult application of rules relative to certain contexts: a process in which children extend the application of linguistic rules to contexts beyond those in the adult language |
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Term
| Second-language (L2) Acquisition |
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Definition
| Acquisition of a second language as a teenager or adult (after the critical period) |
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Definition
| A phase during child language acquisition in which children use utterances composed primarily of content words |
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| Utterances containing primarily content words (in the style of a telegram with many function words and function morphemes left out) |
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Definition
| Stage in first-language acquisition at which children produce two-word utterances in addition to one-word utterances |
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Definition
| Application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech or the usual definition of the word |
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Definition
| The theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages. |
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Definition
| Production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequences by infants |
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Definition
| The length of time between the release of consonant and the onset of voicing, that is, when the vocal folds start vibrating |
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