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Language Files, Linguistics, Ch6
n/a
32
Language - Other
Undergraduate 3
12/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Anti-Intersection Adjective
Definition
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies
Term
Antonymy or Antonym
Definition
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite
Term
Complementary Antonyms
Definition
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither; and such that saying of something that it is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicates that it is in the set denoted by the second word
Term
Compositional Meaning
Definition
The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined
Term
Compositional Semantics
Definition
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined
Term
Converses
Definition
Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word
Term
Entailment
Definition
A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well
Term
Gradable Antonyms (or gradable pairs, or scalar antonyms)
Definition
words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale
Term
Hyponymy or Hyponym
Definition
A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y. X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be the hypernym of X
Term
Idion
Definition
a multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional
Term
Incompatibility
Definition
The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously
Term
Intersective Adjectives
Definition
An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies
Term
Lexical Semantics
Definition
A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions
Term
Mental Image Definition
Definition
A conception of a word's sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.
Term
Mutual Entailment
Definition
The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another
Term
Non-intersection Adjective
Definition
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things
Term
Principle of Compositionality
Definition
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined
Term
Proposition
Definition
the sense expressed by a sentence. Characteristically, _____s can be true or false, i.e. have truth values
Term
Prototype
Definition
For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set
Term
Pure Intersection
Definition
The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.
Term
Reference
Definition
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world. The collection of all the referents of an expression
Term
Referent
Definition
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers
Term
Relative Intersection
Definition
Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference
Term
Reverses
Definition
Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that "undoes" the movement suggested by the other
Term
Semantics
Definition
The study of linguistic meaning
Term
Sense
Definition
A mental representation of an expression's meaning
Term
Sister Terms
Definition
Words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, i.e. have exactly the same hypernyms
Term
Subjective Adjectives
Definition
Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to
Term
Synonymy or Synonym
Definition
A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same, e.g. couch and sofa
Term
Truth Conditions
Definition
The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true
Term
Truth Value
Definition
Either true or false. the reference of a sentence
Term
Usage-Based Definition
Definition
A characterization of a word's sense based on the way that they word is used by speakers of a language
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