Term
|
Definition
| Subfield of phonetics that is concerned with the physical characteristics of the sounds of speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by complete obstruction of the airflow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing frication. This sound can be thought of as a combination of a stop and a fricative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of the various ways to produce a stream of moving air through the vocal tract for the production of speech sounds. Some major mechanisms are pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric; each may be produced with an egressive or an ingressive airstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the alveolar ridge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bony structure located just behind the upper front teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract (often but not always, a muscular part such as the tongue or lips) with respect to some other surface of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For an auditory-vocal language, the description of the motion or positioning of the parts of the vocal tract that are responsible for the production of a speech sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A movement of a speech organ in the production of speech, for example, the movement of the velum for the production of a nasal consonant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subfield of phonetics concerned with the production of speech sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolized by a superscript |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subfield of phonetics concerned with the perception of speech sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by bringing both lips together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An [l] produced with the tongue body down and the tongue-tip up, as in Lee [li] in English |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adjustment of articulation of a segment to accommodate the phonetic environment it is produced in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a syllable, any consonant(s) that occur in the rhyme, after the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical phenomenon resulting in a higher concentration of air molecules within a given space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An [l] produced with the tongue body up, moving toward the velum, and the tongue-tip down. The dark [l] is more accurately described as velarized, which is transcribed as [l] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consonant sound produced by compressing air in the mouth or pharynx while the glottis remains closed, and then releasing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sound produced by bringing two articulators together very quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A turbulent, hissing mouth noise that is produced by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract. The opening through which the air escapes is very small, and as a result a turbulent noise is produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the airstream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent airflow is produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation where the highest point of the tongue is held in the front of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property of the production of vowels having to do with how advanced or retracted the body of the tongue is (sometimes called backness, also called tongue advancement) |
|
|
Term
| Glide (also called Semivowel) |
|
Definition
| Sound produced with a constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that of vowels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sounds produced at the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sounds that are produced with creaky voice, or sounds that are produced with a simultaneous glottal stop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The space between the vocal folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property of the production of vowels having to do with hw high or low the body of the tongue is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation in which the tongue is held at a relatively high area of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| Impressionistic Phonetic Transcription |
|
Definition
| A method of writing down speech sounds with the intent of capturing how they are pronounced (e.g. by using a phonetic alphabet). Usually based simply on how the sounds are perceived when heard without any special analysis |
|
|
Term
| Interdental (Speech Sound) |
|
Definition
| Sound produced by positioning the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commonly refers to the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence. The meaning of a sentence can depend in part on the intonation contour of the sentence |
|
|
Term
| Labiodental (Speech Sound) |
|
Definition
| Sound produced by making contact between the lower lip and the upper teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cartilage and muscle located at the top of the trachea, containing the vocal folds and the glottis; commonly referred to as the voice box |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vowel sound that has a less peripheral position in the vowel space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the duration of a segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consonant sound produced by an obstruction of airflow that is less narrow than that of stops or fricatives, but more narrow than that of glides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation where the tongue is held at a relatively low area of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term used to refer to how the airstream is modified by the articulators in the vocal tract to produce a sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation in which the tongue is held at a relatively middle area of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A simple vowel, composed of a single configuration of the vocal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consisting of only one syllable |
|
|
Term
| Nasal (speech sound) Or Nasal Stop |
|
Definition
| Sound produced by making a complete obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity and lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity, unlike oral stops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vowel produced while lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The core element of a syllable, carrying stress, length, and pitch (tone). It usually consists of a vowel or a syllabic consonant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a syllable, any consonants that occurs before the rhyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stop made with the velum raised so that no air escapes through the nose (unlike a nasal stop) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound made by raising the body of the tongue toward the hard part of the roof of the mouth (i.e. the hard palate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to describe the articulation of a sound which involves the tongue moving toward the hard palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bony portion of the roof of the mouth, extending from the alveolar ridge to the velum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. Can be static or dynamic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the oral tract above the larynx but behind the uvula. Commonly referred to as the throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A speech sound. They are written in square brackets, for example, [t] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the minimal units of language (e.g. the sounds of spoken language) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in fundamental frequency used to put prominence on a particular word in an utterance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The place in the vocal tract where the constriction for the production of a speech sound is made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by raising the tongue toward the front part of the palate, just behind the alveolar ridge |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonic Egressive Airstream Mechanism |
|
Definition
| Airstream mechanism that produces speech sounds by modifying the stream of air forced out of the lungs and passed through the oral and/or nasal cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical phenomenon by which air molecules become less concentrated within a given space (i.e. pressure decreases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by curling the tip of the tongue back behind the alveolar ridge usually to the top of the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a syllable, the vowel and any consonants that follow it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation in which the lips are pursed or rounded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property of the production of vowels having to do with whether the lips are rounded or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The usual form of spoken language, with all the words and phrases run together, without pauses in between them. Sometimes called continuous speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cross section of the human head, designed to show a side view of the vocal anatomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The individual units of the speech stream; they can be further subdivided into consonants and vowels (they are not syllables, though) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phonetic characteristic of speech sounds, such as voicing, place of articulation, rounding, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by completely obstructing the airstream in the oral cavity and then quickly releasing the constriction to allow the air to escape. Also called an oral stop when made with the velum raised so that no air escapes through the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property of syllables; a stressed syllable is more prominent than an unstressed one, due to having greater loudness, longer duration, different pitch, or full vowels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the respiratory system located below the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phonetic characteristic of speech sounds, such as length, intonation, tone, or stress, that "rides on top of" segmental features. Must usually be identified by comparison to the same feature on other sounds or strings of sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A unit of speech, made up of an onset and rhyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A consonant that is the nucleus of a syllable and takes on the function of the vowel in that syllable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vowel sound that has a more peripheral position in the vowel space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pitch at which the syllable of a word is pronounced; can make a difference in meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Language that uses pitch contract on syllable to signal a difference in word meaning (like Japanese) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The windpipe; the tube between the larynx and the lungs through which air travels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sound produced by bringing to articulators together in a series of quick taps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An articulation in which the lips are spread or not rounded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small fleshy mass that hangs down at the back of the throat, used to produce uvular consonants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term describing a secondary articulation of a speech sound that is produced with the tongue body moving toward the velum. For example, the [l] in the English word eel [il] is velarized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate, also known as the soft palate. When the velum is raised, the passage between the pharynx (throat) and the nasal cavity is closed. When it is lowered, air escapes from the nose, and a nasal sound is produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folds of muscle in the larynx responsible for creating voiced sounds when they vibrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The entire air passage above the larynx, consisting of the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound made with the vocal folds vibrating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound made without the vocal folds vibrating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vibration of the approximated vocal folds caused by air passing through them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Range of possible vowel sounds of a language from the high front vowel to the high back vowel. Languages and dialects choose a subset of possibilities in the vowel space but do not exploit all possibilities |
|
|
