Term
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Definition
| Process by which one language adopts words, phrases, or grammatical structures from another language |
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Term
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Definition
| Social situation in which speakers of distinct language varieties are brought together by social and/or economic factors such as settlement, trade, or relocation |
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| Dead Language; also called extinct language |
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Definition
| A language that does not have any speakers |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which two distinct languages or dialects are used for different functions within one society |
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Definition
| A term used to label dead languages by people who believe they may be revived |
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Definition
| A language that has very few speakers left |
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Definition
| Level of contact between speakers of different languages, determined by the duration of the linguistic contact and the amount of interaction among the speakers |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation in which groups of speakers of different languages come into contact with one another |
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Definition
| The process by which two or more languages in contact become increasingly similar in both grammar and lexicon |
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Definition
| The complete demise of a language; a dead language no longer has any speakers |
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Definition
| The process by which a group of speakers abandons their native language in favor of another language |
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Term
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Definition
| Word borrowed from one language in another |
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Definition
| A language that is spoken by a minority of the population in a territory |
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Term
| Native Language (L1) Interference (Also called Substrate Influence) |
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Definition
| The process of carrying over features from one's native language into another language, usually in language contact or second-language acquisition situations |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who does not speak a language fluently |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of adopting grammatical structures from another language |
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Term
| Substratum or Substratal Language |
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Definition
| In a contact situation, the native language of speakers of a politically and economically non dominant group |
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Term
| Superstratum or Superstratal Language |
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Definition
| The target language in a language contact situation; the language associated with the politically and economically dominant group |
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Term
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Definition
| The influence of one's native language on the learning of subsequent languages (which can facilitate or inhibit the learning of the second language) |
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