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| processes that underlie the mental manipulation of knowledge, ususally to reach a goal or solve a problem |
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| rules of the language allowing us to combine arbitrary symbols to convey meaning |
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| rules governing how sounds are combined in words |
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| rules governing how words are combined to form sentances |
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| rules used to communicate meaning |
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| smallest significant sound units in speech; k-r-i i-ng b-oy |
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| smallest units in language that carry meaning; the cry-ing boy |
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| the literal ordering of the words in a sentance |
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| the underlying representation of meaning in a sentance |
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| practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker and to produce an effective response |
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| a class of objects that most agreed belong together |
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| se of features used to justify categorization |
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| core features that category memebers share, members may have some but not all features |
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| best, most representative member of category |
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| specific examples of category that are stored in long term memory |
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| level in category hierarchy that provides most useful and predictive information, usually found in intermediate level |
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| has a well stated goal, clear starting point, and an easy way to tell when solved. |
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| no well stated goal, no clear starting point, and no mechanism for evaluating progress |
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| tendency to see objects and their functions in certain typical ways |
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| step by step procedure that guarantees a problem solution |
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| rule of thumb to solve problems, quick process that doesn't guarantee solution |
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| heuristic that reduces distance b/t start and solution |
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| start at the goal and move towards the starting point to understand how to reach the goal |
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| connecting to current problem to one you have already succefully solved |
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| tendency to rely on well established strategies while problem solving |
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| moment when a problem solution suddenly comes to mind |
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| evaluating and choosing from a set of alternatives |
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| way in which alternatives in a decision-making situation are structured |
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