Term
|
Definition
| science of studying the relationships between human development activities and various ecological processes in the environment. looks at spatial arrangements of land uses, and how those arrangements effect the functions of humans, other life forms, and abiotic processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic variations among the individuals of a population or species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of living organisms plus their non-living environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, raw materials, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a simple measure of biodiversity, or the count of the number of different plants and animals found in an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area of land that drains to a given water body such as a lake or stream- the area is defined by the high points of elevations on all sides of a draining water body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all regions of the world where living organisms occur. The regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth where living organisms exist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crust, uppermost mantle, rigid outer layer of the planet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of the planet. It interacts with, and is influenced by the other earth spheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of gases that surround the Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frozen part of the Earth's surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| role that a species plays in an ecological community, or the habitat requirements of a species |
|
|
Term
| sustainability.. according to text and Measuring Landscapes |
|
Definition
| ecosystem integrity/ human objectives of long term prosperity .. and capacity of the Earth to maintain and support life and to persist as a system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the change in the proportions of different genetic traits in a population as a result of random processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SMALL GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT EMIGRATE FROM A LARGER POPULATION AND ESTABLISHES A NEW ONE; THE NEW POPULATION WILL HAVE LITTLE GENETIC DIVERSITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interaction between two species in which both species benefits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relationships between two or more species whereby each provides some service or resource to the other; live in some type of beneficial relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| networks of raods force wildlife to live on islands of habitat where it is more difficult for them to find food, water, shelter and mates. Leads to genetic problems (inbreeding) and increases susceptibility to disease or hurricanes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| populaiton that does not produce enough individuals to maintain themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| population that produces more individuals than they can accommodate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species that specialize in thriving in areas that have experienced some type of disturbance, they like open sunlit areas, and stabilize disturbed conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species that are important in their ecological communities because of the large number of individuals.. or the total biomass they represent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological commnity.. species that play especially large roles in their ecological communities even though the populations and biomass may be relatively small |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants that grow locally, plants native to an area, plants that grow without human assistance, plants that were in an area before humans |
|
|
Term
| Landscape analysis and landscape ecology focus on 3 primary characteristics: |
|
Definition
Structure... composition and spatial distributions
Function... Eco-services that landscapes provide- protection, production, and regulation
Change... the alteration of or transitions in the structure and function some time dimension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of similar individuals that can or actually do interbreed with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subgroups within a species that are physically distinct and geographically separated but can still interbreed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of individuals of a single species that all live in the same place and that are somewhat isolated or distinct from other populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the organisms living and interacting within an area, or the living components of an ecosystem |
|
|
Term
| The Florida Panther is an example of what ecological classification of animals? |
|
Definition
| Sub-species, sink population, or endangered species |
|
|
Term
| Mt. Graham Red Squirrel- its habitat in a unique location is an example of what significant and unique land formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
one acre:
one square acre:
one mile:
one landscape unit: |
|
Definition
43,560 sq ft.
208 ft x 208 ft
5,280 ft
1 sq. mile x 1 sq. mile |
|
|
Term
| most ecological planning and analysis is undertaken at what scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structural landscape unit: Patch |
|
Definition
| discrete land use, vegetation type or other element that is distinct from the surrounding matrix, distinct fragments embedded in a matrix |
|
|
Term
| structural landscape unit: Matrix |
|
Definition
| dominant land use type or ecosystem in any given landscape, or the most extensive landscape type or condition |
|
|
Term
| structural landscape unit: Corridor |
|
Definition
| landscape feature that is long and relatively narrow that either connects two or more patches or interrupts or dissects that matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear landscape elements that provides food, shelter and movement options |
|
|
Term
| facilitated movement corridor |
|
Definition
| linear elements providing for survivorship and movement between patches but not necessarily within the corridors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear landscape element that prohibits or impedes the flow of energy, mineral nutrients, and/or species across it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in physical landscape conditions; different patches meet and create opportunities for complex interactions to occur between different species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental activist from South Florida who fought to preserve the Florida Everglades- wrote the book: The Everglades, River of Grass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sustainable development activist who advocates a return to traditional, organic farming; challenged the ethical/ecological impacts of genetic engineering; promotes indigenous culture, sustainable farming and biodiversity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urban social environmental activist- "green the ghetto" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adventurer and explorer of the Grand Canyon, also the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental activist for renewable energy andmade famous for his 4 Laws of ecology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrote Design with Nature; started use of land use suitability with a data overlay map process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exposed dangers of pesticide use, worked to ban DDT; wrote silent spring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| science that encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement and properties of the waters of the earth and their relationship with the environment within each phase of the hydrologic cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous process by which water is purified by evaporation and transported from the earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to the land and oceans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pond, lake, basin, either natural or artificial for the storage, regulation, and control of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transition area between aquatic and upland ecosystems; unique plant community consisting of the vegetation growing near natural bodies of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear landscape elements designed to retain and/or remove water, and to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water |
|
|
Term
| retention vs. detention ponds |
|
Definition
detention: topographic enclosure where water is held for a short period of time then removed via some system
retention: water is held for long period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an in-ground device for water removal made by digging a large hole in the ground, and filling it with rocks, then placing a fabric and soil on the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area where the ground is permanently wet or wet most of the year... occupied by water tolerant plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively "level" corridor subject to periodic flooding; delineated by the expected frequency: 100 yr flood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural or human assisted temporary condition of a partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas |
|
|
Term
| 5 major world climate zones |
|
Definition
humid: tropical, moist air, warm temperatures
desert: hot and dry, cold and dry, based on rainfall
temperate warm: SLOs climate, more rainfall than desert, mediterranean
temperate cold: 45" rain per-year, snow, fairly sub-freezing time period
polar: artic, very long cold periods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region with certain prevailing weather conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the atmosphere directly connected to a small area, effected by landform and land features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| science of the atmospheric phenomena, studying of weather/climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place with respect to its effect on life and human activity... short term variations in the atmosphere, as opposed to long term changes, or climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer by direct contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer through air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer as water goes from a liquid to a gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percent of incoming radiation reflected by a surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature rising, significant change in amount of polar ice, ocean and earth's surfaces having different reflection/absorbing capacity because of ice melting. --Chain of events that amplifies warming or cooling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the issue of wind being funneled between two large buildings or tree clusters, creating a more intense wind pattern as the wind passes between the two masses |
|
|
Term
| change based on succession |
|
Definition
| process by which landscapes change over a long time period; changing patterns of species found in an area over time, especially following a disturbance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| succession on barren, open terrain; beginning stages, lays groundwork for later succession-based activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invasive species is a species that does not naturally occur in a specific area and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species that first colonize an area following disturbance, fast growing, shade intolerant, stabilize sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that form organic soil |
|
|
Term
| late successional species |
|
Definition
| late developing species that germinate and grow well in shady conditions, unlike pioneer species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somewhat controversial; final species of a successional sequence; cannot be proved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2D representation of a 3D surface; "snapshot" of a specific place in a specific time; selective info; locate info geographically; illustrate size, shape, distance in geographic space
should include title, scale, date, credi, north arrow, projection reference, legend
require coordinate system to spatially register all elements and some type of projection system to transfer 3D data to a 2D plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary maps created from topographic maps, measure the percentage changes in elevation on a portion of a topographic map |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenomenon in which soil's strength and stiffness is reduced by earthquake shaking or rapid loading. occurs in saturated soils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expansion/ contraction of soils due to an increase or decrease in the percentage of water in the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direction of the angle of the sun as it impacts a particular mountain slope; north facing slope- coldest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imaginary line connects all points of equal elevational value on a topographic map |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines |
|
|
Term
| GIS- Geographic Information System |
|
Definition
| provides a computer-based framework to geographically reference information; allows for the referencing and correlating of both spatial and non-spatial data; uses a geo-referencing system to spatially relate date |
|
|
Term
| Three types of data used fro site analysis? |
|
Definition
Physical: soils, topography, geology etc.
biological: vegetation
cultural: land use, utilities, historic |
|
|
Term
xerophytes
mesophytes
hydrophytes
phreatophytes |
|
Definition
xero- plants capable of surviving drought
meso-intermediate moisture conditions
hydro- dependent on being partially immersed in water
phreato- roots penetrate the ground water table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ringing SLO with open space to minimize growth; SLO's efforts to remedy an environmental problem associated with a land parcel.. remediation and mitigation |
|
|
Term
| Four elements of the conservation and development plan |
|
Definition
core habitat: system of nature reserves that should be designated based on the location of rare species, natural systems, and habitat
secondary habitat: buffer areas surrounding core habitat
intensive production areas: managed agricultural and tree plantation areas
urban areas: all developed land that has become the landscape matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portland, Oregon; each city has an urban growth boundary. controls expansion onto farm and forest lands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GIS term; used in landscape analysis to describe a search for information about the spatial distribution of landscape components |
|
|
Term
| single attribute analysis |
|
Definition
| the division or partitioning of a single date set; such as soils or slope |
|
|
Term
| multiple attribute analysis |
|
Definition
| overlay approach used to analyze more than one type of date at once (ex. soils +slope+ elevation+ aspect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the joining of two data seta to yield a third data set that contains both of the initial sets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an intersection of two date sets yields a third set with elements from both sets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
urban growth: land quadrupled from 18 million to about 64 million acres
consequences of land consumption: species reduction, land fragmentation, wetland destruction |
|
|
Term
EPA...
climate, pollution |
|
Definition
| monitors wetlands, army core of engineers Clean Air Act: gotten better Climate: greenhouse effect- trapped heat in the atmosphere air quality threats- ozone and particle pollution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water shortages- "peak water" not enough water to sustain community
Nature knows best; material Recovery Facility; Bales of recycled material and shippe
septic systems ngegatively impacts water table
Off Grid Living- alternative lifestyle; creating energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laid foundation for the national park service, defining policies for conservation; 1st director of the National Park Service |
|
|
