Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Symptoms + random glucose >200
2. FBS > 126 or random glucose > 200 on two separate occasions
3. 2 hour plasma glucose >200 after 75g of glucose load (Oral glucose tolerance test) |
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Term
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Definition
| older than 80 or CR >1.5 in male and CR >1.4 in female |
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Term
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Definition
| Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase), Glimepiride (Amaryl) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| #3 Disaccharidase inhibitors - 2 |
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Definition
- Acarbose (Precose), Miglitol (Glyset)
- flatulence, diarrhea
- good for old people w/ constipation and postprandial |
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Term
| #4 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - 2 |
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Definition
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) (don’t use – heart issues), Pioglitazone (Actos)
- fluid retention, weight gain, CHF |
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Term
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Definition
Repaglinide (Prandin), Nateglinide (Starlix)
- lower incidence of hypoglycemia than sulfonyluera |
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Term
| #6 ***Glucagonlike peptide analogs (GLP-1) |
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Definition
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), Iiraglutide (Victoza), Albiglutide (Tanzeum), injection only
- WEIGHT LOSS, nausea, bloating, pancreatitis |
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Term
| #7 ***Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors |
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Definition
Sitagliptin (Januvia), Saxagliptin (Onglyza), lingliptin(Trajenta), Alogliptin (Nesina)
- ADJUNCT TO METFORMIN
- Less hypoglycemia, no weight gain or fluid retention like TZDs |
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Term
| #9 Sodium Glucose Co Transporter 2 (SGLT2) |
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Definition
Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Forxiga)
- mono therapy or combo (pee out sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin glargine (Lantus), and Insulin detemir (Levemir)***** |
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Term
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Definition
Insulin aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Lispro (humalog)
Insulin glulisine (apidra) |
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Term
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Definition
Humalog (75/25), (50/50)
Novolog Mix (70/30)
- twice daily before meals |
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Term
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Definition
- dipstick - (0-2 is okay, recurrent 3+ do 24 hour quantitative)
- Normal = 40-80 mg
- >150 mg in 24 hrs = ABNORMAL (further eval)****
- > 3.5 g/24 hrs = NEPHROTIC RANGE ****
- once it is 800-1000 mg/24 hr, NEED TO REFER
- less than 800, just follow and make sure they're on ACE or ARB |
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Term
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Definition
- 30-300
- determines earliest stages of diabetic nephropathy (2/3 tests)
- Microalbuminuria >30mg of albumin/gCr
Diabetic nephropathy
- Macroalbuminuria (>300 mg), protein is detected on UA or dipstick + (at least 1+, probably 2 or 3+) |
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Term
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Definition
normal = <30
- microalbuminuria = more than 30
- macroalbuminuria = more than 300
- if more than 30 on 2/3 tests, dx w/ diabetic nephropathy
- if more than 300 one time, diagnose w/ diabetic neph |
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Term
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Definition
- normal = 0-2 RBCs/hpf
- 3 or more = microscopic hematuria
- if 3 or more - WORKUP |
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Term
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Definition
- you have to order separate
- Hyaline - I don't care (fever, exercise, and diuretics)
- RBC casts - glomerular bleeding (glomerulonephritis)
- WBC casts - glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis
- Granular or waxy - degeneration/ESRD
ABNORMAL = RBCs or WBCs |
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Term
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Definition
- presence means at least 4 wbc/hpf
- normal 0-2
- abnormal - investigate if person has infection
- w/ repetitive negative bacterial culture – may have chronic urethritis, prostatitis (90% due to autoimmune) |
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Term
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Definition
| Male 0.6-1.2 mg/dl, female 0.5-1.1 mg/dl |
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Term
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Definition
Males = GFR= (140-age) x (kg wt.)
--------------------------
(Scr mg/dl) x 72
Females = value for males x 0.85 |
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Term
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Definition
Males 97-137ml/min/1.73m sq
Females 88-128ml/min/1.73m sq |
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Term
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Definition
- normal = 90 ml/min
- 60-89 mL = normal w/o kidney damage
- 60-89mL >3mo along with kidney damage=early kidney dz
<60mL >3mo = chronic kidney dz (CKD) |
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Term
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Definition
| not in Cr. Of 1.5 and GFR less than 45 |
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Term
| Blood glucose - acceptable |
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Definition
- Fasting 60-130
Preprandial 60-130
Postprandial <200
3 A.M. > 65 |
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Term
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Definition
ideal
70-100
70-100
< 160
> 65 |
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Term
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Definition
monocytes = TB
neutrohpils = bacteria
lymphocytes = viruses |
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