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lakay1
exam1
35
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2012

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Cards

Term
OLD CARTS
Definition
Onset
Location
Duration
Character
Alleviating/Aggravating
Radiation
Timing
Severity
Term
PQRSTU
Definition
Provocative
Quality/quantity
Region/Radiation
Severity
Timing
U-what do you think? (pt's perception)
Term
Assessment
Definition
must be based on the S and/or O
Term
Erythema
Definition
Redness
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
Blueness
Term
capillary refill: ideally in ______ seconds
Definition
3; better if 2
Term
Plan
Definition
based on conclusions of the assessment
Term
# of ribs
Definition
-6 pairs/12 ribs
-the last 2 are floating
Term
Manubrium
Definition
-AKA the "angle of Louis"
-corresponds to the 2nd rib
Term
costal angle
Definition
-should be 90 degrees or less in a normal adult
-wider= barrel chest
Term
C7 vertebrae
Definition
-bony prominence on back, at base of neck/high on back
-everything below C7=thoracic vertebrae
Term
midsternal line
divides the anterior chest
Definition
divides the anterior chest
Term
anterior axillary line
Definition
vertical line dropping down from axilla
Term
scapular line
Definition
vertical line that touches the medial edge of the scapula
Term
Acinus
Definition
the terminal respiratory gas exchange unit of the lung, composed of airways & alveoli distal to a terminal bronchiole
Term
ABCDE
Definition
the steps to describe a mole:
Assymetry?
Borders
Color
Diameter
Elevated?
Term
Trachea
Definition
-should be midline & symmetrical-->if not something very serious could be occuring
Term
Pleura
Definition
-a serous membrane that enfold both lungs and is reflected upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm
-visceral pleura: covers lung
-parietal pleura: covers chest wall
-in between: "pleural effusion" lubricates to reduce friction
Term
right lung
Definition
-has 3 lobes: upper, middle, lower
Term
left lung
Definition
-has 2 lobes: upper and lower
Term
lung apices
Definition
-start 3-4 cm above inner 1/3 of clavicles-->don't forget to listen!
Term
anterior chest: what lung lobes can you hear?
Definition
very little of lower lobes, mostly upper lobes (and RML)
Term
posterior chest: what lung lobes can you hear?
Definition
almost entirely LLL & RLL!! (but some of the LUL and RUL above T3/T4)
Term
How do you distinguish between cardiac and pleuritic/lung pain?
Definition
pleuritic pain will increase w/inspiration or cough
-cardiac pain is independent of inspiration/exhalation; caused by eschemia: a lack of oxygenation to the myocardial tissue
Term
allergy vs. adverse effect
Definition
-an adverse effect is something such as vomiting, uncomfortable but not immediately life-threatening
-allergy=anaphylaxis, possibility of death
Term
A-P diameter
Definition
anteroposterior diameter, essentially the distance from front to back
-in a healthy adult should be less than the transverse diameter
Ideal ratio of A-P to transverse is 1:2 or 5:7
if equal= barrel chest *common in emphysema b/c lungs hyperinflated
Term
tripod position
Definition
-a postural position in which pt is leaning forward, leaning on arms
-common with emphysema
Term
costodiaphragmatic recess
Definition
-a potential space formed by the extension of the pleurae 3 cm below the level of the lungs
-compromises lung expansion when it fills with air or fluid
Term
Hypercapnia
Definition
-an increase of CO2 in the blood; the normal stimulus to breathe
Term
Hypoxemia
Definition
-a decrease of oxygen in the blood
-also increases respirations but not as effective as hypercapnia
Term
symmetric expansion
Definition
-you can confirm this by placing hands at T9 or T10 and sliding up medially to pinch a small fold of skin, then having the pt take a deep breath
-unequal chest expansion found with pneumonia, fx ribs, pneumothorax
Term
tactile fremitus
Definition
-palpable vibrations sensed by the palmar base--> should be equal bilaterally
-pneumonia causes increased fremitus
-obstruction, thickening of lungs causes decreased fremitus
Term
crepitus
Definition
a coarse crackling sensation palpable over the skin surface, occurring in subcutaneous emphysema, after surgery
Term
pleural friction fremitus
Definition
palpable sensation when pleura are inflamed and lubricating fluid reduced, causing a painful sandpaper like sound/feeling
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