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LaFleur Chapter 10
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
106
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/22/2006

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Term
Heart
Definition
Muscular organ the size of a closed fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body. The heart consists of two upper chambers, the right atrium (pl. atria) and the left atrium, the two lower chambers the right ventricle and the left ventricle. Valves of the heart keep the blood flowing in one direction. The cardiac septum seperates the right and left sides of the heart.
Term
Tricuspid valve
Definition
Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Term
Bicuspid valve
Definition
Located between the left atrium and left ventricle (also called mitral valve)
Term
Semilunar valves
Definition
Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Two-layer sac (pericardial sac) covering the heart (pericardial fluid allows the layers to move without friction)
Term
Visceral pericardium
Definition
Lies closest to the myocardium
Term
Parietal pericardium (epicardium)
Definition
Lines the pericardial sac
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Middle, thick, muscular layer
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Inner lining of the heart
Term
Blood vessels
Definition
Tube-like structures that carry blood throughout the body
Term
Arteries
Definition
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells. The pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs.
Term
Arterioles
Definition
Smallest arteries
Term
Aorta
Definition
Largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen
Term
Veins
Definition
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenate blood from the lungs to the heart.
Term
Venules
Definition
Smallest veins
Term
Venae cavae
Definition
Largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carries blood to the heart from body parts below the diaphragm, and the superior vena cava returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body
Term
Capillaries
Definition
Mocroscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules. Materials are passed betwee the blood and tissue through the capillary walls
Term
Blood
Definition
Composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Term
plasma
Definition
Liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
Red blood cells that carry oxygen
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
White blood cells that fight infection
Term
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Definition
One of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
Term
Lymph
Definition
Transparent, usually colorless, tissue fluid
Term
Lymph nodes
Definition
Small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue. They are found singularly or may be grouped together. The nodes act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood
Term
Spleen
Definition
Located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. The splee is the largest lymphatic organ in the body
Term
Thymus gland
Definition
One of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system
Term
Angi/o
Definition
Vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
Term
Aort/o
Definition
Aorta
Term
Arteri/o
Definition
Artery
Term
Atri/0
Definition
Atrium
Term
Cardi/o
Definition
Heart
Term
Lymph/o
Definition
Lymph
Term
Phleb/o
Definition
Vein
Term
Plasm/o
Definition
Plasma
Term
Splen/o
Definition
Spleen
Term
Thym/o
Definition
Thymus gland
Term
Valv/o, Valvul/o
Definition
Valve
Term
ventricul/o
Definition
Ventricle
Term
Ather/o
Definition
Yellowish, fatty plaque
Term
Ech/o
Definition
Sound
Term
Electr/o
Definition
Electricity, electrical activity
Term
Isch/o
Definition
Deficiency, blockage
Term
Therm/o
Definition
Heat
Term
Thromb/o
Definition
Clot
Term
Brady-
Definition
Slow
Term
Tachy-
Definition
Fast, rapid
Term
-ac
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
-apheresis
Definition
Removal
Term
-crit
Definition
To seperate
Term
-graph
Definition
Instrument used to record
Term
-odynia
Definition
Pain
Term
-penia
Definition
Abnormal reduction in number
Term
-poiesis
Definition
Formation
Term
-sclerosis
Definition
Hardening
Term
Angiocarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the blood vessel and heart
Term
Angioma
Definition
Tumor composed of blood vessels
Term
Angiospasm
Definition
Spasm (sontraction) of the blood vessels
Term
Angiostenosis
Definition
Narrowing of a blood vessel
Term
Aortic Stenosis
Definition
Narrowing of the (pertaining to) aorta
Term
Aneriorrhexis
Definition
Rupture of an artery
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of the arteries
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of fatty plaque (deposite on the arterial wall)
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Condition of a slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute)
Term
Cardiodynia
Definition
Pain in the heart
Term
Cardiomegaly
Definition
Enlargment of the heart
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Disease of the heart muscle
Term
Cardiovalvulitis
Definition
Inflammation of the valves of the heart
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the inner (lining) of the heart
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Deficiency of blood
Term
Myocarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the muscle of the heart
Term
Pericarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the outer sac of the heart
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein
Term
Polyarteritis
Definition
Inflammation of many (sites) in the arteries
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Abnormal state of rapid heart rate (of over 100 beats per minute)
Term
Thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
Term
Hematocytopenia
Definition
Abnormal reduction in the number of blood cells
Term
Hematoma
Definition
Tumor of blood (mass of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel)
Term
Lymphadenitis
Definition
Inflammation of the lymph glands
Term
Lymphadenopathy
Definition
Disease of the lymph glands. (Lymphadenopathy syndrome [LAS] is a persistent, generalized swelling of the lymph nodes often preceding the development of AIDS)
Term
Lymphoma
Definition
Tumor of Lymphatic tissue
Term
Splenomegaly
Definition
Enlargement of the spleen
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
Abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
Term
Thymoma
Definition
Tumor of the thymus gland
Term
Anemia
Definition
Reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
Chest Pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
Term
Cardiac Arrest
Definition
Sudden Cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Term
Cardiac Tamponade
Definition
Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericadial cavity
Term
Coarctation of the aorta
Definition
Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
Term
Congenital Heart Disease
Definition
heart abnormality present at birth
Term
Congestive Heart Failure
Definition
inability of hte heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs
Term
Coronary Occlusion
Definition
obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis
Term
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Definition
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities
Term
Dysrhythmia
Definition
any disturbance of abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
Term
Embolus pl. Emboli
Definition
blood clot or foreign material , such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
rapid, quivering, noncoordinating contractions of the atria or ventricles
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
Term
Hemorrhoid
Definition
varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external
Term
Hodgkin's disease
Definition
malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue
Term
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Definition
disorder of the heart brought about by persistant high blood pressure
Term
Intermittent claudication
Definition
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
Term
Leukemia
Definition
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow
Term
mitral valve stenosis
Definition
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever
Term
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Definition
death of a portion of the myocardial muscle caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
Term
Rheumatic Fever
Definition
an inflammatory disease usually occuring in children
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