Term
| What two parts make up the lacrimal system? |
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Definition
| Structures that secrete tear fluid (Glands) and structures that facilitate tear drainage. |
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Term
| How many ducts are in the orbital and palpebral portions of the principal gland? |
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Definition
Orbital 10-12
Palpebral 5-7 |
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Term
| What are the two types of accessory lacrimal glands and where are they located? |
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Definition
Krause's: surface of conj. B/w fornix and edge of the tarsus.
Wolfrig's: superior border of the tarsus of the upper eyelid
Both secrete additional serous tear fluid |
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Term
| What four structures make up the secretory part of the lacrimal system? |
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Definition
| Puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct |
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Term
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Definition
| large nodular pink mass, not tender and functions normally |
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Term
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Definition
| the gland drops out and sometimes enlarges |
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Term
| Ectopia of lacrimal gland |
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Definition
| extra lobuels or extra glands doe not affect lacrimation |
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Term
| Retention cyst of the lacrimal gland |
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Definition
| results in blockage of the ducts |
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Term
| Supernumerary or double puncta |
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Definition
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Term
| What congenital syndrom can cause lateral displacement of the puncta? |
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Definition
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Term
| Atresia or stenosis of the puncta |
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Definition
| isolated stenosis or blockage of the puncta can be lacrimal papilla evelevation , but not whole epiphora develops also can be acquired. |
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Term
| Malposition (eversion of the puncta) is due to what? |
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Definition
| Either congenital or due to an eyelid entropion or extropion |
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Term
| What is failure of canalization of the canaliculi called? |
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Definition
| Atresia of the canaliculi |
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Term
| What is incomplete closure of the collecting system called? |
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Definition
| Fistula of the inner canthus |
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Term
| What can cause an obstruction resulting in stasis of fluid with risk of a 2ndary infection? (Canaliculi) |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when there is a fistula of the lacrimal sac? |
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Definition
| tears drain externally on the skin from the sac |
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Term
| What is it called when amniotic fluid enters the sac and is retainid by the nonpatent nasolacrimal duct in a newborn? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what percent of newborns does dacryostenosis occur in and what does it affect? |
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Definition
| 6% incomplete canalization of the nasolacrimal duct due to a persistent mucosal fold (lacrimal fold or valve of hasner) |
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Term
| What is the inflammation of the lacrimal gland called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical features of dacryadenitis? |
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Definition
| pain, redness, swelling and distortion of the lid margin (S shape) often with tearing or discharge |
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Term
| What are the causes of dacryoadenitis? |
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Definition
| Usually bilateral. Indolent course in lymphoid proliferation and sarcoidosis. Also by infection biral bacterial, cytomegalovirus, herpes zoster, usually unilateral. More acute presentation in orbital pseudotumor. |
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Term
| What is the inflammation of salivary and lacrimal glands called? And what are the causes? |
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Definition
Sialadenosis
metabolic factors, malnutrition and drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rare and due to infection with fungi (actinomycetes) most frequent. Usually chronic. Obstruction may be due to infection. Frequently fro conjunctiva, trauma or drugs. Canaliculus becaomes chronically red swollen and tender. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation (acute or chronic) of the lacrimal sac or duct followed by bacterial infection (staphlococci, and diphtheroids) |
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Term
| What are the causes, symptoms and differential diagnosis of dacryocytitis? |
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Definition
Idiopathic obstruction, fractures, surgery, intranasal pathology or ther obstructive condition (tumor).
Pain, redness, swelling over lacrimal sac in the innermost aspect of the lower eyelid. Tearing discharge or fever can be present.
differntial: facial cellulitis, dacryostocele, acute ethmoid sinusitis, frontal sinus mucocele |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive tear production |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychic stimulation, parasympatetic stimulation (cholinergic or anticholineratic drugs), gland inflammation, neoplasm, trigeminal irritation (itiching photophobia, foreign body sensation), retinal stimulation (excessive light or UV), faccial nverve stimulation (sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation by inflammation and neoplasm.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormalities of the puncta, lacrimation obstruction of the canaliculi or sac, nasolacrimal duct or nasal inferior meatus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca probably autoimmune. Affects women 40-50 |
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Term
| What syndrome results in defective lacrimation, skin blotching, emotional instability, motor incoordination an hyporeflexia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| aplasia or hypoplasia of the lacrimal glands |
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Term
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Definition
| infection causing formation of follicules, pannus and scarring |
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Term
| What are some causes of dry eye? |
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Definition
| surgery, age, drugs, mumps, neurogenic lesions, systemic diseases, nicotine, smog, air conditioing, excessive evaopration of tears. |
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Term
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Definition
| burning redness, foreign body sensation, discomfort, pain |
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Term
| Is eyesight comprimised with dry eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What demographic are prone to idiopathic dry eye? |
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Definition
| menopausal and postmenopausal women |
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Term
| What connective tissue diseases are associated with dry eye? |
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Definition
| sjogren's, RA, Wegner granulomatous, systemic lupus, erythematosus |
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Term
| What causes of conunctival scarring affect dry eye? |
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Definition
| Ocular cicatrical pemphigoid, steven hohnson, trachoma, and chemical burn. |
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Term
| What drugs can cause dry eye? |
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Definition
| BC, antihistamines, beta blockers phenothiazines and atropine |
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Term
| Deficiency of what vitamin can cause dry eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does lasik sometimes cause dry eye? |
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Definition
| disruption of the corneal nerves and interferece with normal reflex tearing. |
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Term
| What is the second most common patient complaint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when you cant close your eyes all the way? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tests can be used to evaluate tear outflow patency? |
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Definition
| Jones' test, syringing, dacryocystography, lacrimal scintilography, radiographic contrast studies, lacrimal endoscopy |
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Term
| What tests are used for testing quantity or quality of the tears? |
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Definition
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Term
| What treatments are there for dry eye? |
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Definition
| punctal plug, lubricants, ocular infection control, steroids, air humidifier in the home, cl (last resort), cyclosporine A, surgical obliteration of the puncta. |
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Term
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Definition
| 25% pain is a prominent symptom asociated with a mass or fullness in the upper lid, the globe may be pused down and in . Treated with radiation therapy |
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Term
| Where does chronic granuloma arise from? |
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Definition
| Sarcoid or orbital pseudotumor |
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Term
| What is the most common type of lacrimal gland tumor? |
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Definition
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Term
Adenoma=benign
Carcinoma=malignant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| skin cancer may involve canaliculi and puncta |
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Term
| Name the pseudotumors of the lacrimal sac |
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Definition
| nonspecific granuloma, rhinosderomas, sarcoid, syphilis and fungi |
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Term
| Three types of papillary carcinoma of the lacrimal sac |
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Definition
| 50-60% Papillomas, squamous cell, transitional cells and mixed cells. |
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