Shared Flashcard Set

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Laboratory Tests for Perioperative Assessment
Chap 4 - Nursing Care of Patients Having Surgery
10
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct) 

Hgb - ♀12-16 g/dL   ♂13-18 g/dL 

Hct - ♀36-46 g/dL   ♂37-49 g/dL

Definition

Significance of increased values

dehydration

excessive fluid plasma loss

polythemia vera

 

Significance of decreased values

fluid overload

excessive blood loss

anemia

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor oxygenation

Monitor vital signs

Assess for bleeding

Term

Glucose and Hemoglobin - A1C 

Glucose - 60 - 110

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

Impaired glucose metabolism

stress

infection

 

Significance of decreased values

inadequate glucose intake in relation to insulin

 

Nursing Implications

If decreased

  • monitor for manifestations of hypoglycemia
  • Notify surgeon of glucose < 70 mg/dL or > 180 mg/dL
Term

White blood cell (WBC) count

WBC - 4,000 - 10,000/mm3

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values 

infectious/inflammatory process

leukemia

 

Significance of decreased values

immune deficiencies

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor for manifestations of inflammation

Monitor drainage, temperature and pulse

Use strict standard precautions

Term

Platelet count 

plt - 140,000 - 400,000/mm3

 

- Significance of increased values

- Significance of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

malignancies

polycythemia vera

 

Significance of decreased values

clotting deficiency disorders

chemotherapy

 

Nursing Implications

If decreased

  • Assess for bleeding at incision sites and drainage tubes
  • Assess for hematomas
Term

Carbon Dioxide 

PCO2 - 35 - 45

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

Asthma

Pneumonia

Respiratory acidosis

Vomiting

Nasogastric suctioning

 

Significance of decreased values

Metabolic acidosis

Hyperventilation

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor respiratory status

Monitor aterial blood gases (ABGs)

Term

Potassium 

K+ - 3.5 - 5.2

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

Kidney dysfunction

Dehydration

Suctioning

 

Significance of decreased values

side effects of diuretics, vomiting, NG suctioning

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor K+ level, cardiac and neurologic function, and peroperative diuretic therapy

Term

Sodium 

Na+ - 135 - 145

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

Kidney dysfunction

Dehydration

IV fluids containing Normal Saline

 

Significance of decreased values

Side effects of diuretics, vomiting, NG suctioning, fluid volume excess

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor Na+ level and I&O

 

Assess for peripheral edema and perioperative diuretic therapy

Term

Chloride 

Cl- - 95 - 107

 

- Significances of increased values

- Significances of decreased values

- Nursing Implications

Definition

Significance of increased values

Kidney dysfunction

Dehydration

Alkalosis

 

Significance of decreased values

Side effects of diuretics, vomiting, NG suctioning

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor Cl- level and I&O

Assess for peripheral edema and perioperative diuretic therapy

Term

Prothrombin Time (PT)

10 - 14 secs

 

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

21 - 35 secs

 

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

2.0 - 3.0

Definition

Significance of increased values

Defect in blood clotting

Anticoagulant therapy (aspirin, heparin, warfarin)

Side effect of other drugs affecting clotting time

 

Significance of decreased values

Hypercoagulability of the blood

 

Nursing Implications

If clotting time is elevated:

  • Monitor PT/PTT values
  • Assess for bleeding at incision site and drainage tubes and for hematomas

If clotting time is decreased:

  • Evaluate PT adn PTT values 
  • Monitor for thrombus formation
Term

Serum Creatinine, BUN 

Creat - 0.5 - 1.4

BUN - 7 - 20 

Definition

Significance of increased values

Renal dysfunction

 

Significance of decreased values

Malnutrition

Musculoskeletal wasting

 

Nursing Implications

Monitor urinary output

Wound healing

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