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lab
lab
68
Geology
Undergraduate 3
04/17/2011

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
where is earths water?
Definition
is the ocean, the remainder is distributed among ice sheets and glaciers, ground water lakes, steams and the atmosphere
Term
evaportation
Definition
turn from liquid to gas
Term
precipitation
Definition
water vapor condenses to form clouds
Term
infiltration
Definition
water that sleeps into the ground
Term
run off
Definition
water that does not soak in flows access the surface
Term
transpiration
Definition
water that soak in the ground is taken up by plants
Term
rocks parallel to the slope
Definition
on the brink of being unstable but depends on the circumstances
Term
soil on the slope
Definition
very dangerous and unstable disaster waiting to happen
Term
how do we help maintain stability of slope
Definition
dont exceed the angle of repose and maintain gravity
Term
what are the various types of classification for mass
Definition
rapid debis flow, moderate rock topple, slow earth slide
Term
what is the angle of repose for sand
Definition
30-40 steepest angle without being wet
Term
where is water stored in the earth materials
Definition
in the pore spaces and soaked into the hillside
Term
how does water help maintain the stability of slope
Definition
the slope absorb the water but to much water can cause damage
Term
drainage basin
Definition
the function of a stream is to drain water from land
Term
drainage divide
Definition
one stream is separated from another by imaginary line
Term
gradient
Definition
the slope of the stream channel
Term
back swamp
Definition
is a swamp located by the river
Term
cut bank
Definition
is where the water is cutting into the river bank
Term
flood plain
Definition
is a flat land adjacent to a stream or river susceptible to flood plane
Term
natural levee
Definition
naturally built up ground formed as a result of changing river
Term
oxbow lake
Definition
an enclose body of water formed from an old meander
Term
point bar
Definition
the inside bank of a meander where sediment is deposited
Term
yazoo tributary
Definition
a than small stream that runs parallel to the river
Term
meander
Definition
general is behind in water course stream or river
Term
where is discharge greatest and why
Definition
near its mouth because its more discharge and a greater velocity
Term
how does a delta form
Definition
the sediment dumps where stream enter into lakes or the ocean
Term
describe the evolution of a stream
Definition
maturity, downcutting of stream channels and lowering of near by hills, old age downcutting was lowering the channel system to hear base level
Term
zone of sturation
Definition
below the water table, all pure spaces in the sediments and rocks are filled with water
Term
zone of aeration
Definition
pore space are unsaturated and filled mainly with air and above the water table the capillary triage
Term
porosity
Definition
percentage of the total volume of a body of rock that consist of open space pores
Term
permeability
Definition
a measure of how easily a solid allows fluids to pass through
Term
pressure surface
Definition
created by the weigh of the water above well cause the water to rise
Term
artesian water system
Definition
water must be confined to an aquifer that is inclined so that one end can receive water
Term
aquifer
Definition
a body of rock that is water saturated porous and permeable
Term
aquitard
Definition
a layer of impermeable rock
Term
what are the two largest potential sources of fresh water
Definition
ice sheets and glaciers
Term
wave height
Definition
the vertical distance from though to crest
Term
wavelength
Definition
the horizontal distance separating successive crests or successive
Term
crest
Definition
the top of a wave
Term
trough
Definition
the bottom of a wave
Term
period
Definition
the tune internal between the passage of successive crests or successive
Term
longshore current
Definition
a current within the surf sone that flows parallel to the coast
Term
deep water wave
Definition
wave approaches the shore it length decrease and its height increase
Term
shallow water wave
Definition
wave length shorters and velocity decrease
Term
refraction
Definition
wave bending around the end of beach
Term
what is the most common cause of waves
Definition
storm winds that are carried to distant shores
Term
what is the depth at which the water is no longer affected by a wave
Definition
shallow water
Term
what determines the height of a wave
Definition
the length of the wave
Term
how do waves erode the shoreline
Definition
by changing direction
Term
stress
Definition
force applied per unit of area
Term
strain
Definition
an irreversible change in the shape and size of a rock body
Term
brittle
Definition
gradual change in shape on volume of a material caused by flowing and bending
Term
ductile
Definition
gradual change in shape or volume in which a material breaks or crack
Term
dip
Definition
angle of inclination of inclined layer relative to the horizontal
Term
limb
Definition
side of a fold
Term
axial plane
Definition
imaginary surface which goes through all the axial line can also be faded above
Term
hanging wall
Definition
rock bellow the fault plane
Term
footwall
Definition
rocks below the fault
Term
joints
Definition
fractures along which no significant displacement has occured
Term
strike
Definition
compass direction of the line produced by a dipping layer or feature interspersing with horizontal plane
Term
what is the major different between an anticline and syncline
Definition
anticle fold in form an arch, syncline fold in form of a trough
Term
normal fault
Definition
hanging wall moves down
Term
reverse fault
Definition
hanging wall moves up
Term
earthquake
Definition
sudden movement of stressed blocks of earth crust along a fault
Term
elastic rebound
Definition
locked edges of plates bend until frictional resistance is done
Term
epicenter
Definition
the plant on earth surface directly above an earthquake recess
Term
what are some difference between a body wave and surface wave
Definition
body wave travel through earth interior, surface waves travel along earth surface
Term
there are two types of body waves
Definition
p-waves pass through solid liquids and gases, s-waves can not be transmitted through liquids or gases
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