Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gross or macroscopic anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy cytology hystology
developmental anatomy
embryology
|
|
|
Term
| gross or macroscopic anatomy |
|
Definition
| study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart lungs and kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the structures in a particular region of the body such as the abdomanen or leg are examined @ a particular time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body structure is studied system by system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals w/ structures too small to be seen with the naked eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of tissues of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdivision of developmental anatomy that deals w/ the changes that occur b4 birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| would you be studying anatomy or physiology if u were investigating how muscles shorten |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerns the functions of the bodys parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
renal physiology
neurphysiology
cardiovascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerns kidney function and urine production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explains the workings of the nervoius system |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular physiology |
|
Definition
| examines operation of the heart and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what a structure can do depends on its form
. ex. bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits |
|
|
Term
| in what ways do physiology depend on anatomy |
|
Definition
| form + function. anatomy is the structure and physiology is the functure. incorrect form gives off an incorrect function. one relies on the other |
|
|
Term
| levels of structural organization |
|
Definition
atom
chemicalmolecules
organelle
cellular cells
tissue
organ
organ system
organismal level organism |
|
|
Term
chemical level
(simplest form) |
|
Definition
| atoms combine to form molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells are made up of molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of similar types of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of different types of tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of different organs that work closely together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive
humans aRE MADE UP OF MANY OF THESE WORKIN TOGETHER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury
SKIN, SWEAT GLANDS, OIL GLANDS, HAIR AND NAILS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. blood cells are formed w/in the bones. bones store minerals
bone cartilage, joints and ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows manipulation of the environment, locomation and facial expression. maintains posture and produces heat
muscles and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
responds to internal and external changes by activating appropiate muscles and glands
brain, spinal cord, nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells
slow acting control center
pineal gland, pituitory gland, thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes and ovaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
via blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs
heart and all the blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
red bone marrow
thymus
lymphatic vessels
thoracic duct
spleen
lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
involved in acid base balance
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)
oral cavity, esophagus, liver, rectum, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eliminates nitrogenous wastes
regulates water electrolytes and acid base balance of the blood
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, AND URETHRA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overall function is to produce offspring
testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
prostate, penis, testis, scotum, ductus |
|
|
Term
| females reproductive system |
|
Definition
| overall function is to produce offspring
ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. the remaining female structure serves as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. mammory glands of female breast produce milk
mammory glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, ovaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what level of structual organization is cytology involved with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which structural level involves the study of how blood flows through the body |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
maintaing the boundaries between internal and external environments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
movment (contractactibility) |
|
Definition
of body parts (skeletal muscle)
of substances (cardiac and smooth muscle) |
|
|
Term
| necessary life functions responsivenesss- |
|
Definition
the ability to sense and respond to stimuli
-withdrawal reflex, control of breathing |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
digestion |
|
Definition
| - breakdown of ingested food stuff and absorbtion of simple molecules into the blood |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
excretion- |
|
Definition
the removal of waste from waste and digestion
urea, carbon dioxide, feces |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
reproduction- |
|
Definition
| cellular division for growth or repair production of offspring |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
growth |
|
Definition
| increase in size of a body part or of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chemicals for energy and cell building
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential fro energy release (ATP production) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most abundant chemical in the body. site of chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
survival needs
normal body temperature |
|
Definition
| effects the rate of normal chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
| appropiate atmospheric pressure |
|
Definition
| for adequete breathing and gas exchange in the lungs |
|
|
Term
living things have to do all necessary life functions
|
|
Definition
what seperates living things from nonliving things
nonliving only have to do some life functions |
|
|
Term
necessary life functions
metabolism |
|
Definition
chemical reactions that occur in the body that breaks down substances to simplier forms
anabolism
catobolism |
|
|
Term
| why do we need a pressurized cabin when flyin on a jet |
|
Definition
| the higher you go up the less pressure. the deeper you go in ocean the more pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes |
|
|
Term
| dynamic state of equilibrium |
|
Definition
A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.
body is constantly keeping you @ balance
a balance in which conditions vary but always w/ in relatively narrow limits |
|
|
Term
| components of control mechanism |
|
Definition
receptor
control center
effector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli by sending input to the second component, the control center
receives the input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determines the set point which is the level or rate @ which a variable is to be maintained
decides what needs to be done to get you back in homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus
releases something to get you in homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| negative feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity
cause the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change returning it to its ideal value |
|
|
Term
| what is the main point of negative feedback |
|
Definition
| to get body back in homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| positive feedback mechinisms |
|
Definition
| the result of the response enhances the stimulus so that the response is accelerated |
|
|
Term
| what is point of positive feedback |
|
Definition
| to keep body out of homeostasis until the job is done |
|
|
Term
| destructive positive feedback |
|
Definition
heart failure, high blood pressure
keeps you out of homeostasis w/ out a reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the body is erect w/ feet slightly apart
palms face forward n thumbs point away from body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toward the head or upper part of structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toward or at the midline. on the inner side of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
away from the midline
on the outter side of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between a more medial or lateral structure |
|
|
Term
proximal
(only has to do w/ arms and legs) |
|
Definition
| closer to the orgin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
|
|
Term
distal
(only has to do w/ arms and legs) |
|
Definition
| farther from the orgin of a BODY PART or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| towards or at the body surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| away from the body surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a verticle plane that divides the body into right and left parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like sagittal planes lie vertival; however, divide the body into interior and posterior parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs horizontally from left to right, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and verticle planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all organs are covered with this
thin doubled layered membrane seperated by serous fluid |
|
|
Term
serous membranes
parietal |
|
Definition
| lines the internal body walls (dont touch the organs) |
|
|
Term
serous membranes
visceral |
|
Definition
| covers the internal organs (touches organs) |
|
|
Term
divide the cavity up in 9 regions
[image] |
|
Definition
umbilical region
epigastric region
hypogastric region
right and left illac regions
right and left lumbar regions
right and left hypochondriac regions |
|
|
Term
| your patient complains of pain in the lower right quadrant. what may be his condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in which cavity do you find the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dorsal body cavity
[image] |
|
Definition
protects the fragile nervous system organs
has 2 subdivisions: the cranial cavity and the vertabral cavity
need to know what organs are in each cavity |
|
|
Term
ventral body cavity
[image] |
|
Definition
anterior and larger of the closed body cavities
has 2 major subdivisions: the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
need to know what organs are in each cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| listening to organ sounds w/ a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
| 4 basic types of tissues in humans are |
|
Definition
| epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, and nervous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| input flows from the receptor to the control center along the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 2 fundamental divisions of our body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes up the main axis of our body including the head neck, and trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of appendeges or limbs which are attached to the bodys axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of food through your intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbs, nucleic acids, amino acids, and protein |
|
|
Term
cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP) |
|
Definition
| what cells do to break up sugars into a food that the cell can use as energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lowers blood sugar
hypoglycemic hormone |
|
|
Term
gycogen
the antagonist to insulin
|
|
Definition
raise blood sugar levels
hyperglycemic hormone |
|
|
Term
| why doesnt warming friction result from the movement of your heart |
|
Definition
| fluid is what helps eliminate the friction |
|
|
Term
| atmosphere is pushing down w/ the same amount |
|
Definition
| each cell in the body is pushing out w/ 22.2 lbs where as the out side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
