Term
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Definition
When low, urine looks clear, high looks dark/concetrated.
Range: 1.010-1.030 |
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Term
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Definition
Essential protein that combines with O2.
Range:
Females: 12-16 g/dL
Males: 14-18 g/dL |
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Term
| At what H/H do you transfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Packed cell volume; measures ml of RBcs per dL of blood in percent.
Range:
Females (nongravid): 37-47%
Males: 40-54% |
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Term
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Definition
# of circulating erythrocytes in blood; regulated by erythropoeisis in the bone marrow.
Range:
Females (nongravid): 4.0-5.5 million/uL
Males: 4.5-6.2 million/uL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils) |
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Term
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Definition
Elevated with: anemia, abscess, infection, trauma, hemorrhage, exercise, menstruation.
Decreased: anemia, influenza, SLE, drug toxicity, bacterial infections (elderly), aged adults, immunocompromised.
Range: 5,000-10,000/uL |
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Term
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Definition
| Most numerous. Engulfs bacteria via phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
Provides the 2nd line of defense.
2 types:
T cells: formed in the thymus and initiate immunity in delayed hypersensitivity.
B cells: formed in the bone marrow and defend against virulent encapsulated bacterial pathogens (HIV lives here). |
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Term
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Definition
| Clean up "all purpose" cells. Remove pus and cellular debris. May ingest fungi and parasites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytic bactericidal cells that respond to immune complexes and limit chronic inflammation. Ingest antigen/antibody complexes. Attracted by histamine, associated with allergic/parasitic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Active in allergic reactions and carry 1/2 of blood histamine. Contain heparin and associated with fibrinolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immature WBCs, mostly neutrophilic. |
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Term
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Definition
Degenerative shift: Low WBC with increase in immature cells = bone marrow depression.
Regenerative shift: High WBC with many immature cells = increased bone marrow stimulation.
Occurs with: granulocytic leukemia, acute infections, hemorrhage, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Hypersegmented neutrophils with more nuclear segments.
Occurs with: liver disease & pernicious anemia. |
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Term
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Definition
(aka Virocytes or reactive lymphocytes)
B cells that differ from normal lymphs in morphology. Indicates a reaction to viral infections (i.e. mono, viral hepatitis, viral pneumonia, chicken pox, mumps, rubella, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Average volume and size of RBCs (normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic).
Range: 82-98 fL
MCV = Hct x 10 / RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
Average amount/weight of Hgb in 1 RBC. Fluctuates with MCV because larger cells have more Hgb.
Range: 26-34 pg
MCH = Hgb x 10 / RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
Average percentage of Hgb in 1 RBC (normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic).
Range: 31-38%
MCHC = Hgb x 100 / Hct |
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Term
| When can MCHC be elevated? |
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Definition
| With burns or prolonged dehydration. |
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Term
| Iron deficiency anemia: lab values, patients, causes, treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:low, MCHC:low, RBC:low, Ferritin:low, TIBC:high
Patients: everyone
Causes: PICA, vegetarianism, bleeding
Treatments: iron |
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Term
| Thalassemia: lab values, patients, treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:low, MCHC:low, Ferritin:normal, TIBC:normal
Patients: Genetic (Asians, AAs)
Treatments: None |
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Term
| Folic acid deficiency: lab values, patients,treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:high, MCHC:normal, RBC:low, Folate:decreased
Patients: Alcoholics
Treatments: Vitamin B1 and folic acid |
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Term
| Pernicious anemia: lab values, causes, treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:high, MCHC:normal, RBC:low, Folate:normal
Causes: malabsorption (GI)
Treatments: Cyanocabalaman |
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Term
| Anemia of chronic disease: lab values, patients, treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:normal, MCHC:normal, RBC:low, Ferritin:high, TIBC:low
Patients: elderly
Treatments: treat chronic disease, nutritional support, Epogen |
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Term
| Sickle cell anemia: lab values, patients, causes, treatment |
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Definition
H/H:low, MCV:normal, MCHC:normal, RBC:low
Patients: African Americans, genetic
Causes: Dehydration
Treatments: Hydration |
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Term
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Definition
| Speed that RBCs in anticoagulated blood settle to the bottom of a calibrated tube. Rate is increased with imflammation or tissue necrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
10-20 mg/dL
(Increased with dehydration or high protein/low carb diet) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0.2-1.2 mg/dL
(Increased with liver problems) |
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Term
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Definition
0-0.2 mg/dL
(Increased with liver problems) |
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Term
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Definition
0-0.9 mg/dL
(Increased with liver problems) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
<35-45 U/L
(Most accurate for liver problems) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0-100 IU/L
(Increased with pancreatitis) |
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Term
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Definition
0-200 U/L
(Increased with pancreatitis) |
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Term
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Definition
Calculation of the difference between the serum anions and cations.
(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3) = 11-17 mEq/L
Decreased with: hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, hypernatremia, hypoabluminemia, multiple myeloma
Increased with: high dose antibiotics, volume depletion, metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis, DKA |
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Term
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Definition
| 11-16 sec (1.5-2.5 x normal) |
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Term
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Definition
| 30-90 sec (1.5-2 x normal) |
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Term
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Definition
| 28-38 sec (1.5-2 x normal) |
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Definition
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