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| expelling of urine, also referred to as voiding and urination |
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Definition
| functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
| excessive urination at night |
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Definition
| decrease in the volume of urine output |
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Definition
| scale that measures the level of acidity or alkalinity |
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Definition
| passing abnormally large amounts of urine |
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| intermediate substance in the formation of heme (part of hemoglobin) |
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Definition
| white blood cells in the urine (puss in the urine) |
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Definition
| substance that easily loses electrons |
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Definition
| part of the nephron that contains the blomerulus and glomerular capsule |
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Definition
| blood reabsorption limit of a substance and the point at which the substance is then excreted in the urine |
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| part of the nephron composed of proximal convoluted tubules, the nephron loop (loop of Henle), and distal convoluted tubules |
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Definition
| located behind the peritoneal cavity |
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Definition
| the material at the bottom of the centrifuged tube of urine |
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Definition
| in urinalysis the weight of urine compared with the weight of an equal volume of water; measures the amount of dissolved substances in urine |
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Definition
| the liquid portion of urine on top of the spun sediment |
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Definition
| slender, muscular tubes ten to twelve inches long that carry the urine formed in the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
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Definition
| tube that carries urine to the outside of the body |
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Definition
| urethral opening through which urine is expelled |
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| hollow muscular organ that holds urine until it is expelled |
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| protein found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma |
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Definition
| waste product from the breakdown of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| elements excreted in the urine in the shape of the renal tubules and ducts |
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Definition
| increase in the volume of urine output |
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Definition
| element or compound that forms positively or negatively charged ions when dissolved and can conduct electricity |
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Term
| glomerular (Bowman's) capsule |
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Definition
| cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus that collects the glomerular filtrate |
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Definition
| structure in the renal corpuscle made up of tangled blood capillaries |
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Definition
| sugars (especially glucose) in the urine |
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Definition
| intact red blood cells in the urine |
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Definition
| red cells breaking open and releasing hemoglobin |
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Definition
| caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the chemical exam of urine do? |
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Definition
| detects the presence of certain compouds or chemicals? |
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Term
| Urines that are postive for what four chemicals need confirmatory tests? |
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Definition
| protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin |
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Term
| Name some reasons for doing a chemical exam on urine? |
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Definition
1. patient's carbohydrate metabolism
2. kidney function
3. liver function
4. acid-base balance
5. rule out infection |
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| Name the ten parts of the chemical exam. |
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Definition
| pH, specific gravity, protein, bilirubin, blood, nitrite, ketone, urobilinogen, glucose, leukocyte esterase |
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Term
| What does the pH measure? |
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Definition
| the degree of acidity or alkalinity |
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Term
| Which four chemicals need to be spun if they are present in the urine? |
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Definition
| nitrite, leukocytes, blood, protein |
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Term
| What could changed the pH level in a urine? |
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Definition
| diet, medicines, kidney disease, metabolic disease, respiratory disease |
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Term
| What are the three steps to urination? |
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Definition
1. Glomerular filtration - filters
2. Tubular Reabsorption - reabsorbs
3. Tubular Secretion - goes back into blood |
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| When would protein be present in the urine? |
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Definition
| renal disease, UTI, excercise |
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| If there is glucose in the urine, what does it indicate about the blood sugar? |
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Definition
| It is equal to 180mg/dL or higher |
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| What are the physical characteristics in urine? |
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Definition
| odor, color, appearance, and specific gravity |
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| What are the words used to describe urine odor and what could they possibly mean? |
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Definition
| fruity (ketones present), mousy or musty (PKU), maple syrup (maple syrup disease), ammonia (infection, urine left at room temp too long) |
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| What are the words used to describe urine and what could they indicate? |
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Definition
| yellow, red (hematuria, myoglobin, porphyrins), brown/black (melanin), yellow-brown/green-brown (bilirubin, hepatitis) |
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| What is the normal color of urine? |
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Definition
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| What are the words used to describe appearance of urine and what could they indicate? |
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Definition
| clear (normal), cloudy (blood, epithelial cells, mucus, bacteria), turbid (amorphous, WBC, Bacteria, RBC) |
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| What is the normal range for specific gravity? |
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Definition
| 1.003-1.030 or 1.005-1.030 |
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| What is the normal pH for urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some functions of the urinary system? |
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Definition
| removes unwanted wastes, stabilized blood volume, acidity and electrolytes, regulates extracellular fluids of the body, secretes hormones, regulates absorption of calcium ions by activating vitamin D |
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Term
| What is the purpose of erythropoietin? |
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Definition
| controls the rate of red blood cell formation |
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Term
| What is the purpose of renin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reddish brown, bean shaped, 4-5 inches long |
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Term
| Where are the kidney's located? |
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Definition
| slightly above the waistline in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, in retroperitoneal position |
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Term
| What is the functional unit of the kidney? |
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Definition
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| About how many nephrons are in each kidney? |
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Definition
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| Three steps of urination? |
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Definition
| Filtration, Reabsorption, secretion |
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| What makes up about 95 percent of urine? |
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Definition
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| Urine also contains what kind of waste products? |
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Definition
| nitrogen; such as urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine |
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Term
| Approximately how much blood passes through the renal arteries per minute? |
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Definition
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Term
| urochrome comes from what? |
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Definition
| the breakdown of hemoglobin |
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| yellow-brown urine could indicate that what substance is present? |
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Definition
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| orange-yellow urine could indicate that what substance is present? |
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Definition
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