Term
| What establishes a vertical osmotic gradient across the renal medulla |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the flow in the two closely adjacent limbs of the loop moves in opposite direction |
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Term
| What maintains hyperosmotic gradient? |
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Definition
| the vasa rects through countercurrent exchagne |
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Term
| What diffuse into the descending limb and then back into the medullary tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are walls permeable to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
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Definition
| on a nephron where the afferent arteriole meets the thick ascending limb |
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Term
| What is the believed cause of chronic hypertension? |
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Definition
| excessive conversion of angiotensin 2 within the lung endothelial tissues |
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Term
| What is the function of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| to regulate volume, composition and pH of the body fluids |
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Term
| What converts vit D3 into its active metabolite? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the site for filtration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the glomeruli originate? |
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Definition
| inner cortex and outer cortex |
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Term
| What is better at making concentrated urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has shorter loops of henle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fluid called that enters the glomerular capsule? |
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Definition
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Term
| In glomerular filtration, what direction to substances move? |
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Definition
| from the blood to the glomerular capsule |
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Term
| What is the main driving force for filtration through the glomerular capillary wall? |
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Definition
| hydrostatic pressure of the blood |
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Term
| What are the three renal transport mechanisms |
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Definition
| filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of water and plasma solutes from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule |
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Term
| What is tubular reabsorption? |
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Definition
| when a substance is transported from the filtrate, through tubular cells, and into the blood |
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Term
| What is tubular secretion? |
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Definition
| a substance is transported from peritubular blood, through tubular cells and into the filtrate |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that are foreign to the body, including toxins and bacteria |
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Term
| Membrane carriers in the _______ membrane of the PCT are able to recognize xenobiotics and transport them into the tubule for secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| elevated K in the blood stimulates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Na transport under hormonal control? |
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Definition
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Term
| PCT is made up of what kinds of cells |
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Definition
| cuboidal with millions of microvilli |
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Term
| Where is water reabsorbed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the interstitial fluid in reference to the descending limb? |
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Definition
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Term
| As a result of the descending limb, what occurs? |
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Definition
| filtrate becomes more concentrated and the volume decreses |
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Term
| What does the ascending limb transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ascending limb impermeable to? |
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Definition
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Term
| filtrate becomes more ____ as solute is being reabsorbed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the Na bicarbonate system at work? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in protein count in urine. could be caused by diabetes or renal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| chief cause is diabetes. too much glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| When there is a carb deprivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoglobin appearing in the urine in the event of a hemolysis in the systemic blood vessels |
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Term
| low osmotic pressure of the urine may cause |
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Definition
| hemolysis and the release of hemoglobin from red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| large amounts can lead to jaundice. this test is used to diagnose liver or gallbladder problems |
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Term
| Increased levels of bilirubin in the urine may be due to: |
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Definition
| biliary strictures, cirrhosis, gallstones, hepatitis, surgical trauma |
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Term
| What does a positive nitrite tests indicate? |
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Definition
| that bacteria may be present in significant numbers in the urine ( E Coli ) |
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Term
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Definition
| (directly proportional to urine osmolality which measures solute concentration) measures urine density, or the ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute the urine over that of plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| small presence is normal. mostly excreted in stool. liver damage, hepatitis, cirrhosis, increase amount in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4.6-8. see if you are at risk for kidney stones or aid in the determination of system acid-base disorders of metabolic or respiratory origin |
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