blood agar plate - indicate hemolysis

differential medium, for fastidious bacteria 

maconkey agar

differential - red for lactose fermenting bacteria, colorless for non lactose fermenting bacteria

Crystal Violet (primary stain) - 1 min

Iodine (Mordant) - 1 min

Alcohol - decolorizer (10 secs)

Safarin (counterstain) - 1 min

a. non acid fast bacteria

b. acid fast bacteria (has mycolic acid in their cell wall)

gram (+) - purple

gram (-) is red (cannot hold primary stain after alcohol removes it, so safarin stains it)

Sulfur test (SIM)

tests if bacteria can reduce sulfur, indicator is iron, positive result is blackening of media

Indole test

determines if a bacteria can breakdown tryptophan and produce indole

indicator is kovacs reagent

(+) - pink on top

(-) - all the way yellow, on top

Motility test

indicates bacteria that are motile

fuzzy appearance

Citrate 

if bacteria can use citrate as a carbon source

indicator is brothymol blue

(+) is blue, (-) is green

carbohydrate fermentation test

determines ability for bacteria to ferment particular carbs

indicator is phenol red

has tubes in it to indicate gas production

(+) yellow, (-) red

methyl red test

determines if a bacteria produces acid by products during cellular respiration

indicator is methyl red

(+) red, (-) yellow

VP TEST

to determine if bacteria produces acetoin during cellular respiration

indicators are alpha-naphtol and potassium hydroxide

(+) - red on the top, (-) yellow on top

urease test

determines if bacteria can use urease to break urea down to ammonia

indicator is phenol red

(+) birght magenta, (-) yellow

phenylalaline test

determines if bacteria can breakdown phenylalaline

indicator is 10% ferric chloride

(+) green color, (-) no change

orinthine test

determines if bacteria can breakdown orinthine

indicator is bromcresol purple

(+) purple, (-) yellow

Nitrate test

determines if bacteria can reduce nitrates to nitrites

indicator is nitrate reagents

(+) red, (-) no change

catalase test

ability for bacteria to breakdown hydrogen peroxide

(+) bubbles, (-) no bubbles

oxidase test

identifies organisms that produce the enzyme cytochrome oxidase

(+) qtip with blue/grey, (-) no reaction