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Definition
| This rod-shaped bacterium shows the formation of endospores. Endospores are extremely resistant resting cells that remain dormant during times of unfavorable environmental conditions. |
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Definition
| The spherical shaped bacteria |
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Definition
| The spiral shaped bacteria, can possess flagella |
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Definition
| Whip-like structure used for locomotion |
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Definition
| gain nutrients from the environment, or eat other organisms ( do not produce their own food) |
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Definition
| send out digestive enzymes into the environment and thereafter take up the digested nutrient molecules |
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| most numerous organism on earth, flourish in almost every environment, billions can be found in a handful of soil |
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Definition
| can only survive on other living organisms |
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Definition
| cause diseases such as strep throat or gangrene |
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Definition
| they can produce their own food |
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Definition
| produce food by utilizing the sun's energy |
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| utilizing energy from non-organic chemical reactions |
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Definition
| phylogeny indicates a closer relationship between to clade means they are sister taxa (Archaea + Eukarya) and share a node |
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Definition
| bacilli and cocci associate to form these, group of bacteria (staphylococci) |
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Definition
| extremely resistant resting cells which develop inside the bacteria |
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Definition
| another form pf bacterial grouping; surface texture of bacterial colonies can be rough or smooth and the margins can be wavy, scalloped, or smooth |
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Definition
| reproduction by cell division |
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Definition
| conduct glycoysis, no membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles, peptidoglycan in cell walls |
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Definition
| termed blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria that contain chlorophyll |
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Definition
| green pigments found in cyanobacteria |
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Term
| Phylogenic Tree of Bacteria, Archea & Eukarya |
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| specialized cells which play a role in nitrogen fixation |
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Definition
| found in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor |
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Definition
| Archean group that has no extremophiles |
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Definition
| Archean group that produce methane (methanogens) |
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Definition
| Archean group that live in sulfur rich hot springs |
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Definition
| "Protists" (paraphyletic, mainly unicellular, protists); "our" lineages |
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Term
| Seven Major Lineages of Eukarya |
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Definition
1) Excavates
2) Alveolata
3) Stramenopila
4) Rhizaria
5) Amoebozoa
6) Plantae (includes land plants)
7) Opisthokonta (includes Fungi, Choanaflagellates and Animals) |
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Trypanosome
(Trypanosome rhodesiense) |
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Definition
| One of two species responsible for causing African sleeping sickness in humans; parasitic flagellates |
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Definition
| Where flagellum arises near the posterior end of the cell and runs along the edge of the cell |
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Term
| What lineage does Euglena belong to? |
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Definition
| http://www.survivalschool.com/classes/hide_tanning.htm |
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWWqoAW2CK8 |
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUp0VsAoZCs |
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99dYysLXXAU |
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Definition
| A Cillate in the lineage of Aveolata, has two types of nuclei, a lage marconucleus and within the same cell from 1 to as many as 80 mirconucei, and the micronuclei are the typical eukaryotic nuclei |
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| Plasmodium falciparum Life Cycle |
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Definition
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Definition
| An alveolate that causes malaria, a serious mosquito borne disease causes fever, chills and flu-like illnesses if untreated may develop severe complications and die |
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Term
| What are the three main reasons for inability to control Plasmodium causing malaria? |
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Definition
1) Evolve quickly; can reproduce asexually inside host cells
2) Can differientiate into gametes- zygotes- meiosis
3) Can be tranferred between human to mosquito, and mosquito to human
*mosquitos are resistant to pesticide; plasmonia resistant to drugs |
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| Important photosynthesizers; many are endosymbionts, living within the cells of other organisms (ex. cnidarians like hard coral); some species are capable of bioluminescence; other species cause harmful algal blooms |
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Definition
| Diatoms, Brown Algae, and Oomycetes |
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Term
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Definition
| Comman freshwater and marine eukaryotes; leading ohotosynthetic producers in the oceans; most have silicon-impregnated cell wals, variously shaped, and typically ornate with the presence of ridges and pores |
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Definition
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Definition
| Fossilized cell walls of diatoms are mined and used for filters and abrasvies |
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| eukaryotic aquatic organisms that photosynthesize yet lack vascular tissue found in most plants; molecular evidence indicates they are paraphylectic |
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Definition
| all are multicellular, composed of either branched filaments or leaf-like growths called thalli. They include taxa such as the free-floating Sargassum, and the giant kelps (Macrocystis) with their distinctive holdfast organs |
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Definition
| Laminaria, Sargassum, Sphacelaria |
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Definition
| Lobose amoeba and the cellular and plasmodial slime molds, both slime molds were once grouped with Fungi |
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Term
| What is different about the cells of Plasmodial slime molds? |
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Definition
| These slim molds form one large "super cell" with many nuclei in a single cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| "false feet"; used to move and capture prey; formation a complex process and involves actin and myosin mircofilaments; flowing projections of the cytoplasm that extend and move the amoeba forward or engulf food particles |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk |
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Definition
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Definition
| Basal Plants: Green Algae and Land Plants |
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Definition
Basal Plants: Land Plants
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses |
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Term
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Definition
Basal Plants: Plantae: Green Plants: Land Plants
Lycophyta (Club mosses)
Ferns + Horsetails |
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Term
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Definition
Basal Plants: Plantae: Green Plants: Land Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms |
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Term
| What is the connection between Red Algae and Green Plants (Green Algae + Land Plants)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the connection between Green Algae and Land Plants? |
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Definition
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Definition
| almost all red algae are multicellular marine taxa |
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Definition
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Definition
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| What material (chemical composition) does this red alga species incoporate into its form? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Exhibit a wide variety of forms from single-celled, free-swimming forms (e.g. Chlamydomonas) to motile, colonial forms of various sizes (e.g. Eudorina, Volvox), and multicellular filamentous (e.g. Ulothrix) |
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMNFZnDt75c |
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Definition
| motile, unicellular green algae found in soil, lakes, and ditches; most primative structure amound green algae; extremely small and haploid (N) cell; asexual reproduction in fully developed cells through cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis); under certain conditions like drought they will reproduce sexually |
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Definition
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Definition
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXa-7bilUIY |
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Definition
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Definition
| Very similar in structure to Eudorina; thousands of cells making up the colony are held together in a hollow sphere; most structurally-advanced colony form of algae; sexual reproduction (oogamous); have daughter colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Egga and sperm are formed with immobile eggs much larger than the motile sperm |
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Definition
| Grows in running streams of cool freshwater, and secretes a coating of mucous that makes it feel slippery; |
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Term
| Spirogyra: Conjugation Tube and Zygospores |
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Definition
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Term
Spirogyra
(Be able to identify spiral cholorplasts and nucleus) |
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Definition
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Term
| Synapomorphies in Land Plants |
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Definition
1) alternation of generations life cycle
2) apical cell growth
3) cuticle
4) antheridium (male reproductive)
5) archegonium (female reproductive)
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Term
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Definition
| male gametophyte developed male sex organs |
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Term
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Definition
| female sex organ developed from female gametopytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are autotrophic, possess clorophyll, and have cell walls containing cellulose, all have variations of a life cycle described as alternation of generations (two mature stages known as the sporophyte and gametophyte) |
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Term
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Definition
| always diploid; produces haploid spores by the process of meiosis in structures called sporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| A non-monophylectic group, all of the taxa lack leaves, stems, and roots that characterize vascular plants, without vascular tissue to conduct water and food efficiently their growth is somewhat limited and they are typically small in size. Typically restricted to moist habitatsbecause their rhizoids neither penetrate soil very deep nor absorb many nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| root-like structure of non-vascular land plants |
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Term
| Haplo-Diplontic Life Cycle |
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Definition
| Spores germinate and develop into gametophytes, which are always haploid. The haploid gametophyte produces gametes ( sperm or eggs) which later fuse to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the mature sporophyte, thus completing the life cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| distinct alternation of generations where gametophyte is the dominant stage, it is larger and longer lasting that the sporophyte statge; gametophytes are either male or female |
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Term
| What are Liverworts also known as? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
Marchantia
Archegoniophore |
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Definition
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Term
Marchantia
Antheridiophore |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Large, flat, "leafy" portion of the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, flat, "leafy" portion of the plant; is the gametophyte made up of haploid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| On surface of thalus the cups contain packets of cells called gemmae which function in asexual reproduction; gemmae forced out of cups usually by rain |
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Term
| Cross-Section Slide of an Achegoniophore |
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Definition
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Term
| Cross-Section Slide of an Achegoniophore |
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Definition
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Term
| Cross-Section Slide of an Antheridiophore |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Hornworts also known as? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions allow for the release of spores in hornworts? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thallus-like gametophyte only, thus resembling the thalloid liverworts; the spore-bearing sporophyte of hornworts consists of an elongate, green cylindar of cells |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Phylogenetic Tree
Non-Vascular Plants |
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Definition
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Definition
| Bryophyta; stomata is the synapormorphy that unites mosses with other plants |
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Definition
| Specialized epidermal cells that allow gas exchange with the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| The lancelet cross section shows three of the four chordate synapomorphines? |
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Definition
| Notochord,nerve cord, and gill bars (missing anal tail) |
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Definition
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| Most Echinoderms have endoskeletal plates that protect and support the body made out of ______? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| sea urchins, sand dollars |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of symmerty does the sea cucumber have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ways are sea cucumbers similar to other echinoderms? |
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Definition
-Both have radial symmetry
-Water vascular system
-Have epidermis |
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Definition
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Definition
1) water vascular system
2)mesodermally-derived calcite plates
3) pentaradial symmetry
4) loss of cerebral ganglion |
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