Term
| what are blood cells produced from? |
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Definition
| pluripotent stem cells of bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| buffering system btw cells and external enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
1. transportation
2. regulation
2. protection |
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Term
| what stimulated the bone marrow to produce RBCs? where is it from |
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Definition
| erythropoietin from the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| process by which wbc's leave the cappillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
red cell volume
(hemocrite/rbc) x 10
femtoliter |
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Term
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Definition
concentration of hemoglobin in rbc
(Hb/rbc) x 10
picograms |
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Term
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Definition
index of Hb per average rbc
(Hb/hemocrit) x 100
percent |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| starch broken into what by what enzyme? |
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Definition
maltose
by salivary and pancreatic amylase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nucleus number in cardiac |
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Definition
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Term
| location of pace maker in frog |
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Definition
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Term
| effect of temp on heart rate? |
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Definition
hot will increase heart rate
cold will decrease heart rate |
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Term
| effect of stretching cardiac muscle? |
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Definition
| activated more cross bridges and therefore increases the force of contraction |
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Term
| acytylcholine effect on heart? |
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Definition
| decreases HR, PNS(vagus nerve) |
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Term
| epinephrine effect on heart |
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Definition
| increase HR, increases force of contraction |
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Term
| effect on HR when atropine is used alone? |
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Definition
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Term
| which has a shorter refractory period? cadiac or skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decreases HR
inhibits entry of Na and Ca into cell
makes inside of cell more negative
takes longer to form AP
causes hyperpolarization
PNS |
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Term
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Definition
increases Na and Ca entry into cell
makes inside of cell more positive
quicker formation of AP
causes depolarization
SNS |
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Term
| in order for muscle to contract what is needed and then needs to be taken away for it to relax? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the number of active motor units |
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Term
| more efficient to induce twitch in muscle or in nerve? |
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Definition
| in nerve bc they have lower stimulus threshold than muscles |
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Term
| different muscle contration times |
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Definition
| smooth > cardiac > skeletal |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal muscle, always excitatory |
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Term
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Definition
| could be excitatory or inhibitory |
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Term
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Definition
| relex occurs on same side as stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| reflex occurs on opposite side of stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
far away = dilation
close = constriction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete filling and premature ventricular contraction of the heart and pulse cannot be palpated |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by weight of water pressing on the surface area |
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Term
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Definition
the force ur heart generates with every contraction
= SP - DP |
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Term
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Definition
average of arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle
= DP + 1/3PP |
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Term
|
Definition
volume of blood pumped by each ventricle during systole
body weight x 0.92
(1 kg=2.23lbs) |
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Term
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Definition
volume of blood in ml that is pumped by the heart per minute
= HR x SV |
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Term
| total peripheral resistance |
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Definition
the sum of resistance encountered by systemic vaculature, the heart must overcomt this resistance in a foced contraction of the ventricles to push blood thro the arterioles and capillaries of th body
= map/co |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure difference / radius |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flattened or inverted t waves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| possibly the first manifestation of acute myocardial infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| of the neck, assist in raising the sternum in forceful inhalation |
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Term
|
Definition
raise pressure in the abdomen and push the relzxed diaphgram up
powerful ecpiratory force |
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Term
| respiratory sinus atthythmia |
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Definition
| the normal variation in heart rate during respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| have an inhibitory effect on vagal cardiac nerves and decrease HR |
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Term
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Definition
| when 2 or more pulmonary volumes are added together |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of desire to breathe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decrease CO2 decreased H, increase in pH, hyperventilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in CO2, increase in H, decrease in pH, CO2 retention breathing |
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Term
| carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system |
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Definition
| CO2+H2O <> H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| peripheral chemoreceptors |
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Definition
| carotid and aortic bodies |
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Term
|
Definition
1. hypothalamic osmoreceptors
2. baroreceptors
3. atrial volume receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| reabsorbs Na from the filtrate by exchanging it for K+ |
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Term
| how kidneys directly regulate the acid base balance |
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Definition
H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption
raises extracellular pH |
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Term
| ingestion of bicarbonate effect on urine |
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Definition
| increases the pH of urine |
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Term
| main stimulus for ADH release is? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| when the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the afferent arteriole is low |
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Term
| what amplifies the secretion of insulin |
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Definition
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Term
| what inhibits secretion of insulin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| binds with tyrosine kinase receptors on membrane and activated 2nd messangers pathways that signal the cell to insert GLUT4 transporters into the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive urine production |
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Definition
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