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Lab Final
Lab Final
34
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
05/13/2015

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Term
What is a genotype?
Definition
The genetic endowment(inherited attributes)
Term
What is diffusion and provide an example.
Definition
A diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration due to the molecules random thermal motion(a drop of dye into a glass of water)
Term
what is passive transport?
Definition
movement of a molecule from high to low concentration and passive means that it does not expend metabolic energy. it can process things that are soluble easily dissolved
Term
what is active transport?
Definition
movement of a molecule from low to high concentration where it needs metabolic energy like atp . examples would be the sodium potassium pump. endocytosis, exocytosis
Term
what happens to RBC when placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic?
Definition
hemolysis(burst), isotonic(nothing), hypertonic(shrink, crenated)
Term
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
Definition
chromosomes form from the chromatin material, centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the nuclues, the nucleoulus and nuclear membrane dissapear and spindles apear and become associated with centrioles and cenromeres.
Term
what is the structure and function of plasma cell membrane?
Definition
the cell membrane is made out of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. function is give form to the cell to control passage of materials into and out of cell.
Term
what is the function and structure of cytoplasm?
Definition
structure is fluid like and function is seres as matrix substance in which chemical reactions occur
Term
ribosomes
Definition
granular particles composed of protein and rna. protein synthesis is the function
Term
golgi complex structure and function?
Definition
structure is flattened membranous sacs. synthesizes carbs and secretes lipids and glycoproteins
Term
Explain why abnormal measurements of plasma glucose, cholesterol, and protein are clinically significant
Definition
1. Glucose = hyperglyceria(diabetes) and hypoglycemia (rare but associated with arthiritis, renal disease, and the late stages of pregnancy)
2. Cholesterol = artherosclerosis(from hypertension or cigarette smoking) HDL(good cholesterol) LDL(bad cholesterol)
3. Protein = Edema(inadequate production of protein by the liver caused by liver disease , the loss of protein in the urine caused by kidney disease or loss of plasma proteins
Term
one example of inborn error of metabolism is
Definition
PKU. Inborn errors of metabolism
Term
what is genotype, phenotype, translation, transcribing?
Definition
Phenotype: Physical appearance of an individual
Genotype: Individuals Genetic endowment
Transcription: transcribing by synthesis of a specific RNA molecule
Translation – Sequence of bases in the mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein. This process is called translation.
Term
what is polar and non polar
Definition
polar is kmn04 and detergent is both polar and non polar forms mycels, non polar is toluone and vegetable oil.
Term
what is molasses?
Definition
like corn syrup
Term
Be able to interpret and understand the results of thistle tube experiment for different molasses solution.
Definition
Thistle tube experiment for different molasses solutions
1. Solution solubility increases with increased solutes because water flows from high concentration to low concentration. The higher the solute percentage= the faster the solute dissolves in the solvent.
i. Ex. 20% molasses solute dissolved slower in solvent than 25%
Term
NaCl will dissassociate?
Definition
yes to Na plus and Cl negative, anything that has a ionic bond will dissasociate in the water.
Term
what are the several spinal reflexes?
Definition
knee jerk reflex hitting the ligament of the pattelar tendon. bicep jerk reflex, ankle jerk reflex, tricep jerk refle
Term
o Minimum distance at which two points of contact can be felt is the?
Definition
two point threshold
Term
• Source of nerve stimulation is different from the perceived location of the stimulus is
Definition
referred pain. for example you can test someone with a rubber mallet and
Term
Sense receptors respond strongly to the acute changes in our environment and then stop responding when these stimuli become constant is called
Definition
sensory adaptation(for example smelling an odor for a long time makes u adapt to it, touching ur clothes. sensation of pain adapt little or not at all
Term
Know how to test for visual acuity and astigmatism
Definition
using a snellen test
Term
what is accomodation test?
Definition
the refractive power of a lense is constant, the distance between the lense and point of focus will increase as an object moves closer to the lense
Term
Understand and be able to perform extrinsic muscles of the eye and nystagmus
Nystagmus
Definition
The action of antagonistic ocular muscles normally maintain the eyes in midline positions. If the tone of one muscle is weak as a result of muscle nerve damage, the eyes will drift slowly in one direction followed by a rapid movement back to the correct position
Term
how do you perform a test for nystagamus?
Definition
follow an object. if eyes have problem looking laterally, it has a problem
Term
what is myopia? hyperopia and emmetropia
Definition
nearsightedeness, far sighted and normal sighted
Term
what to look in the pupillary reflex?
Definition
constriction and dilation. constriction is part of parasymphatetic and dilation is symphatetic
Term
why do we use an opthalmoscope?
Definition
to observe the posterior inner part of the eye for diseases. it can be used tto observe arteries and veins of the fundus and two regions of the retina
Term
how do you test for blind spot?
Definition
observe disapearance of drawn circle as it comes close to the face
Term
how is ischia test performed
Definition
watching circle dots and seeing if the numbers are shown
Term
how is rinnes and webers test peformed
Definition
rinnes is hitting a tuning fork and putting it by mastoid process until the person cant hear it no more then put it on external aucoustic meatus. sound wil reappear if no damage. and webers test is putting tuning fork on midsagital line and if heard louder in one ear, its called sensory deafness.
Term
what is a motor unit
Definition
1. Motor unit: a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies
1. Muscle that controls fine movements (fingers, eyes) have smaller motor units
2. Large weight-bearing muscles (thighs, hips) have large motor units
3. Muscle fibers from a motor unit are spread throughout the muscle therefore, contraction of a single motor unit causes weak contraction of the entire muscle
Term
what is a motor recruitment?
Definition
if there is more recruitment, there is more force/contraaction
Term
define the conduction system of the heart
Definition
the sa node is the pacemaker of the heart generating electrical impulses for both atrias to contract then going to the av node where it is delayed so the ventricles get filled up then to the av bundle to spread to bundle of his and purkinje fibers
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