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Lab and Diagnostics
Fundamentals of nursing
59
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/13/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the nurses responsibility for labs and diagnostics?
Definition
Prep patient for procedure, monitor before, after, and during, identify abnormal findings.
Term
What are panic values?
Definition
Values that are so abnormal that results are immediately sent to physician/nurse
Term
True or False. Nurses are responsible in obtaining informed consent for diagnostic tests.
Definition
False. Nurses may witness a signing.
Term
What do serum studies analyze and how are they obtained?
Definition
Analysis of blood. usually by venous puncture.
Term
What can serum studies test for?
Definition
CBC, WBC, differential, hct, Hgb, indices, platelets,chemistry studies, cultures, clotting times, therapeutic drug levels.
Term
What does a CBC consist of?
Definition
WBC, Differential WBC, RBC, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hgb), indices, platelets.
Term
What does a WBC count consist of?
Definition
Total # of WBCs and differential count.
Term
What is leukocytosis?
Definition
elevated WBC count (greater than 11,000/L)
Term
What is leukopenia?
Definition
Decreased WBC count? (less than 4,500/L)
Term
What is the normal value of WBC's for adults?
Definition
4,500-11,000/l
Term
From order of least to greatest. what is the percentage of each type of WBC?
Definition
Neutrophils 50-60%, lymphocytes 20-40%, monocytes 2%-6%, eosinophils 1%-4%, basophils .5%-1% (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.
Term
What is the function of neutrophils, and what is a shift to the left?
Definition
Neutrophils provide the primary defense against microbial invasion (phagocytic). Shift to left is an elevated Neutrophil count.
Term
What is the function of eosinophils?
Definition
Ingest antigen-antibody complexes during late stages of inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Term
What is the function of basophils?
Definition
Release heparin and histamines in areas invaded by antigens (foreign invaders).
Term
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Definition
Fight acute viral and chronic bacterial infections.
Term
T cells are produced through ________ immunity. these cells attack and destroy ________ foreign cells.
Definition
Cell-mediated, specific.
Term
B cells are produced through _______ immunity. these cells produce_______ against foreign antigens.
Definition
humoral, antibodies.
Term
What is the function of monocytes?
Definition
second defense behind neutrophils in defense against infection.
Term
What is the normal range of RBC's in adults?
Definition
men: 4.2-5.4 x 10^6/ul
women 3.6-5.0 x 10^6/ul
Term
RBC's contain hemoglobin and hematocrit. Hemoglobin carries ______.
Hematocrit carries_______.
Definition
hemoglobin-oxygen
hematocrit-iron
Term
What is the normal adult hemoglobin level?
Definition
men 14.0-17.4g/dl
women 12.0-16.0g/dl
Term
What is the normal adult hematocrit level?
Definition
men-42-52%
women 36-48%
Term
A low hematocrit level could indicate what?
Definition
anemia
Term
What does mean corpuscular volume mean?
Definition
average size of a single RBC
Term
What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin mean?
Definition
average weight of hemoglobin (hgb) within an RBC.
Term
What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean?
Definition
average concentration of hgb within a single RBC
Term
What does red blood cell distribution mean?
Definition
indication of the variation in RBC size.
Term
What is thrombocytopenia?
Definition
Low platelet count (less than 140,000)
Term
What is thrombocytosis?
Definition
High platelets (greater than 400,000)
Term
What is the normal platelet range?
Definition
140,000-400,000 mm3
Term
A patient with a low platelet level is at risk for?
Definition
hemmorhage.
Term
A patient with a high platelet count is at risk for?
Definition
Blood clots.
Term
What does a BMP consist of? (7 items)
Definition
chloride, potassium, sodium, glucose, carbon dioxide, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine.
Term
What is the normal glucose range?
Definition
65-99mg/dl
Term
What is the normal creatinine level?
Definition
0.6-1.2 mg/dl
Term
What is the normal potassium level?
Definition
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Term
What does a lipid panel consist of?
Definition
cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
Term
What must a patient due prior to a blood draw for a lipid panel?
Definition
fast for 12 hours prior.
Term
What is the difference between a culture and a sensitivity test?
Definition
a Culture is blood placed in a bottle which contains growth media for 2-3 days to try to grow microorganism. Sensitivity is small discs marked with antibiotics in a petri dish. No growth around disc indicates sensitivity to antibiotic (meaning antibiotic can be used to rid of infection)
Term
What can be collected from a patient to test for infection?
Definition
serum, sputum, wounds, urine, stool..
Term
What is the therapeutic INR range?
Definition
2.0-3.5
Term
what medication would a patient be on for a doctor to order a partial thromboplastin and activated thromboplastin time test?
Definition
heparin and warfarin.
Term
If blood is not clotting, and patient is at risk of hemmorage.. would a patient have a low or high APTT
Definition
High APTT(activated partial thrombopastin time)
Term
If a patient's blood is over clotting is does he/she has a high or low aptt?
Definition
Low APTT (activated thromboplastin time)
Term
What are some examples of drugs that can be therapeutically monitored via blood test?
Definition
antibiotics and digoxin.
Term
If a digoxin level was too high, what would the nurse expect to do?
Definition
Hold the next dose.
Term
Arterial Blood Gases are blood draws that is an _______ puncture draw site and the nurse most apply ______ following the draw for 5 minutes and a pressure dressing is applied to site.
Definition
artery, pressure
Term
When a patient is ordered for an endoscopy what must the nurse do?
Definition
make sure the patient stays NPO for at least 8 hours prior.
Term
What must a nurse do post-operatively for a patient that received and endoscopy that went through the mouth?
Definition
make sure the patients gag reflex returns before allowing fluids/food.
Term
What does an EKG or ECG measure?
Definition
The electrical system of the patient's heart.
Term
If a patient gets an x-ray with contrast what is the nurses responsibility?
Definition
make sure the patient drinks all of the contrast.
Term
What is the difference between an x-ray and a CT scan.
Definition
an x-ray takes a general picture taken from one direction while a ct can take pictures in slices from a 360 direction and show body organs in much greater detail.
Term
What do nuclear scans require a patient to do?
Definition
Patient must take a radioisotope.
Term
What is the responsibility of a nurse for a patient getting a nuclear scan?
Definition
To assure the patient that they do not need to worry about being radioactive.
Term
What does an MRI use to obtain a picture of the patient and what impairs this test to be done?
Definition
Magnet, patient can not have pacemaker, defibs., artificial metal valved, bullets, shrapnel...
Term
What does an angiography test for and what is used?
Definition
Used to determine blood flow through patient's blood vessels. A contrast dye is used to illuminate the vessels.
Term
What must a nurse do for a patient recieving an angiography?
Definition
Make sure patient is not allergic to shellfish or iodine (pt. may be allergic to dye) explain to patient that dye may burn.
Term
Why is a lumbar puncture performed?
Definition
To obtain cerebral spinal fluid.
Term
What is the nurses responsibilities for an LP?
Definition
nurse checks consent, positioning patient on their side in fetal position, checks vitals every 15 minutes for 1 hr and then every 2 hours and then every 4. pt must remain on BR and flat for 4-6 hrs. encourage PO fluid intake.
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