Term
| what is meant by water removable base: |
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Definition
| the base can be diluted with water without destroying the emulsion, although the base will become more fluid |
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Term
| methyl and propyl paraben |
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Definition
| preservative of hydrophilic ointment |
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Term
| hydrophilic ointment characteristics |
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Definition
| -water washable -not an absorption base -will not dissolve in water because it contains water insoluble ingredients -oil in water emulsion -equal parts oleagenous phase and water phase on a weight by weight basis. |
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Term
| use of hydrophilic ointment |
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Definition
| used as a vehicle (ointment base) for the preparation of water washable ointments |
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Term
| is hydrophilic ointment an absorption base? explain |
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Definition
| it is not therefore it can not absorb more than a very small amount of water or aq solutions. if a large amount of water is incorporated into hydrophilic ointment, base will become very thin and lose ointment like consistancy |
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Term
| what will happen if too much water is added to a hydrophilic ointment ? |
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Definition
| it will thin out and lose ointment like consistency. this is because it is not an absorption base and cannot absorb amore than a small amount of water or aq solutoin |
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Term
| what ingredients are contained in the oleageneous phase of hydrophilic ointment? |
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Definition
| stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum |
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Term
| aq phase of hydrophilic ointment ingredients; |
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Definition
| propylene glycol and purified water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why must hydrophilic ointment contain antimicrobial preservatives? |
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Definition
| because it contains water. |
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Term
in the procedure all of the ingredients are heated to 75 degrees celsius. what would happen if instead we added the aq phase at 25 degrees celcius to the melted mixture of oil phase ?
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Definition
the solutions would not combine well |
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Term
| order in which to add the two phases |
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Definition
| add the warm aq phase to melted oil phase , stir till mixture cools. |
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Term
| what would happen if stearyl alcohol were omitted from the formula of hydrophilic ointment? |
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Definition
| it would not be as consistent. stearyl alcohol is a thickening agent and a viscosity builder. it is also part of the oil phase of the emulsion. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of surfactant (surface acting agent) |
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Definition
lowers the surface tension
ex: sodium lauryl sulfate in hydrophilic ointment |
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Term
| why was propylene glycol included in the formula? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a hygroscopic substance that contains several hysrophilic groups.
used to increase solubility of active ingredient
ex: propylene glycol |
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Term
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Definition
| involves melting together the bases over a waterbath before incorporating any other ingredients |
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Term
| required ratio for preserving action of parabens |
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Definition
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Term
| methods used to prepare ointments: |
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Definition
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Term
| to main groups of bases for sticks |
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Definition
1. melting bases
2. moisten bases |
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Term
| materials used to give body to the stick |
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Definition
| waxes, resins, dry solids fused into a ferm mass such as syptic pensils, and resins used in connection with epilating wax |
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Term
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Definition
| used to color lipsticks before world war 1. applied a colored layer to the lips |
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Term
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Definition
- melt and become active at body temperature
- prepared from waxes, oils, polymers and gels
- may use penetration enhancers
- further divided into two groups
- 1. opaque bases
- 2. clear bases
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Term
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Definition
used to increase transdermal drug delivery
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Term
| ingredients used to prepare a topical local acting melting stick (that doesnt penetrate skin) |
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Definition
| waxes, oils, and plain polymers like polyethylene glycol |
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Term
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Definition
| waxes, oils, and polyethylene glycols |
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Term
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Definition
| mixtures of sodium stearate and glycerin |
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Term
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Definition
solid stick must be moistened to activate ingredient
concentrated solution of active ingredient present at tip of stick
ex: syptic pencil of alum /alum sulfate
useful for substances that might not be stable in other forms but would be stable in a dry hard crystalline stick. |
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Term
| how to determine consistancy of stick |
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Definition
| determined by the melting point of the waxes |
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Term
| to change the consitency of a stick |
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Definition
| adjust the melting point of the base by using a mixture of high and low melting waxes or oils in approprite proportions |
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Term
| characteristics of a good stick |
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Definition
- easily spread without grease
- no sweating, crumbling, or cracking
- uniform, stable, free from mottling
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have a tendency to rancidity due to oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
resist rancidity, but use may be limited in ability to dissolve certain ingredients.
product may smear and run off
used in small proportions to enhance gloss |
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Term
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Definition
| unique veggie oil with high viscosity |
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Term
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Definition
oil with wide use in preparing sticks
does not turn rancid
free of bad odor |
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Term
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Definition
| oil with similar properties to butyl stearate |
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Term
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Definition
aka oil of theobroma
widley used as melting stick
blooming characteristic: comes to surface in irregular fashoin developing craters. overcome blooming by using fatty acid bases
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Term
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Definition
tendency to come to surface in irregular fashion and form unsightly craters.
can be overcome by using faty acid bases
happens to cocoa butter |
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Term
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Definition
very stable oil
produces good gloss |
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Term
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Definition
| oil used in sticks to improve smoothness, emolliance, and ease of application |
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Term
| lanolin and absorption bases |
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Definition
| enhance the incorporation of water containing ingredients into formulation |
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Term
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Definition
a harder wax
including it raises melting poitn of formula and strength of stick |
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Term
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Definition
| lower MP than carnauba wax so more of it must be used to obtain equal hardening effect |
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Term
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Definition
| stiffening agent for sticks. still used extensively. if it were the only wax in formulation the stick would be dull with too much drag. hard waxes yeild better gloss. |
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Term
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Definition
wax that is too weak and brittle to be of value in sticks.
small amounts are used to improve gloss.
immiscibility with castor oil limits their use |
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Term
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Definition
water soluble base
very water soluble and easy to remove from skin.
great variety |
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Term
| propylene glycol monoesters |
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Definition
|
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Term
| sodium stearate-propylene glycol combination |
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Definition
water soluble base
widely used for deoderant sticks
good for application of otpical drugs
melting sticks
colorless
rub in nicely |
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Term
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Definition
latin term which means "to soften"
it is from this term that the word emollient is derived from |
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Term
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Definition
a topical substance, especially an oil or fat, that is used topically to soften skin and make it more pliable
along with moisturizers, performs two actions on the skin:
1. humectant
2. occlusive
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Term
| definition of occlusive substance |
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Definition
provides a layer of oi on the skin to slow or prevent the loss of water from the skin
this increases/maintains moisture content of statum cornium |
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Term
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Definition
| substance introduced into the stratum corneum to increase its water holding capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| glycerin, urea, alphahydroxy acids |
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Term
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Definition
provides keratolytic/descaling action (thinning stratum corneum)
this happens with higher concentrations of alpha hydroxy acids (lactic or glycolic acid) |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of oils of non human origin, either in pure form or mixed with varying amounts of water through the action of an emulsifier to forma lotion, cream, or an ointment. |
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Term
| occlusivity: of lotions creams oils and ointments |
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Definition
| lotions are more occlusive than oils, freams more oclusiv ethan ltions (thicker barrier) , ointments are th emost occlusive (because of th eoil they contain) |
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Term
| aloe vera , jojoba oil, and other natural engredients |
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Definition
| commonly added to emollients |
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Term
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Definition
| an oil naturally foind in the skin. jojoba oil is similar, so it is in many emollients to keep dry skin moist and suppress production of oil in the skin that is oily. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases the amount of collagen in the skin, keeping the skin moist and elastic. |
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Term
| counseling points of emollient sticks |
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Definition
- apply to involved area, not to surrounding tissue
- apply liberally over area
- apply as needed
- clean the surface of the stick with clean tissue after each use
- do not share thsi product with other becuase of possibility of transmitting infections
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Term
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Definition
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