Term
| Name the two main purposes of venation (having veins). |
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Definition
| Venation provides structural support through lignin-fortified xylem and transport of water and nutrients. |
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Term
| Land plants are called embryophytes. They can be divided into five clades known as...? What two broader groups can these five clades be subdivided into? |
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Definition
Broader group 1: Bryophytes
Containing: Bryophytes
Broader group 2: Tracheophytes
Containing: Lycophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms |
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Term
| The main difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms is that Angiosperms what? |
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Definition
| Angiosperms flower and produce fruit |
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Term
| A synapomorphy is a shared trait among a clade. One synapomorphy among modern plants is a cuticle. What does this do? |
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Definition
| Cuticles are a waxy outer layer used to keep water inside. |
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Term
| What is a Briophyte? Give two examples of one. |
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Definition
| A briophyte is a non-rooted and non-flowering plant. They reproduce by spores and contain no vascular tissue. An example of a Briophyte is a moss and liverwort. |
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Term
| What is one common trait that Gymnosperms and Angiosperms share? |
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Definition
| They are both seed bearing. |
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Term
| What are Pteridophytes? Give an example of two. |
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Definition
| Pteridophytes are vascular, flowerless, green plants. Ferns and Horsetail are an example of this type of plant. |
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of Angiosperms? How do they differ? Give an example of each. |
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Definition
Angiosperms can be divided into:
- Monocots - They have one cotydelon (embryonic leaves). This gives the leaves mostly parallel veins like those found in grass.
AND
- Eudicots have two cotydelons. This gives their leaves branched veins and can lead to secondary growth. Parted flowers are an example of this.
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Term
| What four basic structures do Angiopserms have? |
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Definition
| They have roots, stems, leaves and flowers. |
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Term
| True or false? Seeds replaced spores for reproductivity in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. |
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Definition
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Term
Name all of the parts of this flower.
[image]
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Definition
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Term
| What structure of an Angiosperm is the celery that we eat? What can be used to dye it? |
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Definition
| The stem and leaves of celery are eaten. Methelyne blue is used to stain it. |
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Term
| Where are the four structures of Angiosperms within an onion? |
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Definition
| The roots are located below the bulb. The stem is comprised of an area between the bulb and roots, and the bulb. Leaves grow out of the bulb and flowers sit on top. |
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Term
| Is the main part of the carrot a root or stem? What dye can be used to stain cross sections? |
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Definition
| The main part of the carrot is a root. Methelyne blue can be used to stain cross sections. |
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Term
| Is a potato a root or stem of the plant? What type of dye can be used on its cross sections? |
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Definition
| A potato that you eat is a stem (tuber), where the root has thickened underground for storage. IKI can be used to stain their cross sections. |
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Term
| Vascular tissue first appeared when? |
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Definition
| After mosses, but before club mosses and ferns. |
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Term
| Which clade had the first "true roots"? Out of the five clades, which does not have true roots? |
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Definition
| Lycophytes were the first to have these, and Bryophytes do not have them. |
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Term
| Which 3 types of plants have "true leaves"? |
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Definition
| Angiosperm, Gymnosperm, Ferns |
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Term
| What is the "male" part of a flower? What is the female part? |
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Definition
| The male part is called the stamen. It is made up of the anther and filament. The female part is called the pistil. It is made up of the stigma, style, ovary and ovule. |
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Term
| Five stains used in lab are IKI, phloroglucinol, methylene blue, HCl and toluidene blue. Which three stain living tissue and which two stain lignin in xylem? What colors are each? |
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Definition
IKI, toluidene and HCl stain living tissue. IKI stains blue (& black), toluidene stains blue and HCl stains red.
Methelyene blue and phloroglucinol stain lignin in xylem. Methelyene blue stains blue and phloroglucinol stains red. |
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Term
| What is a petiole? Give an example. |
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Definition
| A petiole is the area where a stalk (stem) is joined to a leaf. An example of this is can be found in celery. |
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