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lab 1
fall07
42
Medical
Graduate
09/16/2007

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Cards

Term
elevated in increaesd muscle use brkdwn or mass
Definition
CK
Term
sudden appearence in serum with chest pain and EKg changes suggest myocardial release
Definition
CK-MB
Term
elevated in AMI rises 8-12 hrs after myocardial damge
Definition
AST
Term
elevated in lymphoma or any disease state where there is cell damage whihc results in low specificity
Definition
LDH
Term
first protein marker mlcl to diffuse out of ischemic muscle tissue when low can rule out AMI
Definition
myoglobin
Term
first substance to elevate in AMI
serum increased in renal disease bc cleared by kidneys
Definition
myoglobin
Term
presence of 2 isoenzymes in serum is very specific for myocardial injury
Definition
troponin
Term
test for CHF that is either positive or negative
Definition
BNP
Term
space between sinusoids and hepatocytes thru which nutrients and waste diffuse between blood and liver
Definition
space of disse
Term
serum albumin lab test done to dx bc concentration reflects the shift of protein and fluid
Definition
fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver
Term
not water soluble bilirubin and is non permanently bound to albumin for transport
Definition
unconjugated or indirect bilirubin
Term
water soluble bilirubin that directly reacts with color reagent for ,measurement__> attatching to glucoronic acid
Definition
conjugated bilirubin (direct bilirubin)
Term
covalently permamnently attatched to albumin
Definition
delta bilirubin
Term
enzyme neccesary for the conjugation of bilirubin
Definition
glucuronyl transferase
Term
what is the likely cause if increased bili is seen wiht increased conjugated bilid
Definition
obsturction of stone or tumor
Term
increased bili with increased unconjugated bili indicated?
Definition
impaired hepatocellular function such as severe liver disease, drugs, etOH, cancer shows decreased urobilinogen
Term
genetic variation in which pt has less effective conjugation enzyme normally asymptomatic and normal liver function
Definition
gilberts syndrome
Term
absence of enzyme for conjugation shows marked hyperbilirubinemia
Definition
crigler-najjar syndrome
Term
uncertain defect shows modereatly high levels of bilirubin
Definition
arias syndrome
Term
defect of transport of bili from liver cells to bile ducts. shows increased conjugted and unconjugated bilirubin
Definition
dubin johnson syndrome
Term
defect in liver cell excretion of bilirubin. shows increased levels of conjugated bili
Definition
rotor syndrome
Term
increased in structural liver disease but not in congenital abnormalities
Definition
bile salts
Term
enzyme found in many tissues increased whnever cells are rapidly dividing very snesitive test for biliary tract obstuction
Definition
alkaline phosphate
Term
good sensitivity for obstructive liver disease and hepatocellular damage, normal levels rule out hepatic metastasis
impt use as an indicator of etoh abuse
Definition
GGT
Term
2 enzymes most often assoicated wtih hepatocellular damage
Definition
AST and ALT
Term
enzyme released in chronic liver disorders with progressive damage rather than acute liver disease
Definition
AST
Term
best used as a confiramton of liver disease when AST elevated
Definition
ALT
Term
can be increased in any disease state which there is cell damage or destruction
Definition
LDH
Term
prolonged in severe liver disease due to deficiency of clotting factors
Definition
PT
Term
protein synthesized by the liver that is decreased in liver disorders
Definition
albumuin
Term
glucoprotein which inhibits proteolytic activity of several enzymes deficieny causes emphysema and cirrhosis
Definition
alpha-1-antitrypsin
Term
copper transport protein that when decreased causes copper to deposti and accumulate in tissues
Definition
ceruloplasmin
Term
synthesized yb rapidly multiplying hepatocytes (aka hepatocarcinoma)
Definition
AFP
Term
tumor marker which circulates in blood if there is rapid multiplication of epitehrlial cells (often used for colon cancer)
Definition
carinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Term
low levels are seen as a sign of severe cellular and circulatory disease of the liver
Definition
urea
Term
increased levels oten seen in liver disease bc of in adequate blood supply to break down
Definition
ammonia
Term
disease caused by a virus whose sole or primary target is the liver
Definition
hepatitis
Term
sx: nausea, anorexia, fever, malaise, jaundice, increased ALT and AST, and increased bilrubin and alkphos
Definition
Hepatitis A
Term
spread by blood contamination from body fluids and sexual activity
Definition
Hepatitis B
Term
spread via blood not easily spread by sexual contact. high rate of chronicity cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Definition
Hepatitis C
Term
simple virus that cannot replicate without coinfection of HBV to supply virus syntheic functions
Definition
Hepatitis D
Term
liver disorder whcih often is shown after a viral illness such as encephalitis but there is liver cell injury
Definition
Reyes syndrome
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