Term
| What are the three crocodilian clades? |
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Definition
| Crocodiles, alligators and gavials |
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Term
| Where do alligators occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dfference between crocodiles and alligators? |
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Definition
alligators have round-snout
corcodiles are narrow-snouted, larger and more dangerous |
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Term
| What crocodilian lives in india? |
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Definition
| the Gavial or Gharial they eat fish and have really skinny snouts |
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Term
| What are some derived crocodilian features? |
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Definition
| 2° palate, four chambered heart and maternal care of young |
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Term
| How do young crocodilians get out of their earthen nest? |
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Definition
| they call for their mother who diggs them out |
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Term
| Where does a mother crocodilian take her young? |
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Definition
| a nursery area where they are guarded from preditors. |
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Term
| What do the small ridges on a crocodile's back do? |
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Definition
| act as both solar panels and heat dumpers |
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Term
| What niche did Madagascar's herbivorous crocodile fill? |
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Definition
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Term
| What where some characteristics of Madagascar's extinct herbivorous crocodile? |
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Definition
| Blunt tall skull and multicuspate teeth |
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Term
| What is a characteristic of living archosaurs? |
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Definition
4 chambered heart
perhaps its a synapomorphy.. perhaps dinos had a 4-cham heart? |
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Term
| What are the two dinosaur clades? |
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Definition
| Ornithiscia and Saurischia |
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Term
| What does Ornithischia mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does Saurischia mean |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the two dinosaur clades are birds in? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did dinosaurs go extinct |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What caused the extiction of dinosaurs? |
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Definition
| Asteroids off the yucatan, england and in russia |
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Term
| What did the dinosaurs that went extinct die from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some ornithischians with horns or armor? |
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Definition
| Ceratopsians and Ankylosaurs |
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Term
| What do herbivores always need to worry about? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did ceratopsians have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What defenses did ankylosaurs have? |
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Definition
| armored backs and often spined or clubbed tails |
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Term
| What traits did giant herbiverous dinosaurs have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why cant massive bodied dinosaurs live in the water? |
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Definition
| The pressure would prevent them from inhaling |
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Term
| What do giant long neck dinos need to get blood to the brain? |
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Definition
| multiple hears on their corotid artery |
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Term
| What is one possible function of the large herbiverous dinosaurs tails? |
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Definition
| cracking like a whip at the speed of sound to scare off preditors |
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Term
| Which of the two dinosaur clades are carnosaurs in? |
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Definition
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Term
| A treasure trove of what kind of fossils has been recently found in china? |
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Definition
| Dinosaur-bird transitional fossils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What non-birdlike charicteristics did Archaeopteryx have? |
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Definition
| Teeth and it lacked a wish bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about hoatzin young? |
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Definition
| they have a clawed thumb on each wing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is interesting about hoatzin guts? |
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Definition
| they are long... to digest cellulose |
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Term
| What does a hoatzin chick wrist look like? |
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Definition
| A Typical carnosaur wrist |
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Term
| what where pterosaurs convergent with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the pterosaur wing supported by? |
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Definition
| An elongated pinky finger! |
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Term
| What where some convergant pterosaur adaptations to flight? |
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Definition
| Keeled sternum,hollow bones and hairlike scales |
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Term
| What did most large pterosaurs eat? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where do most large pterosaur remains come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than fish what did some pterosaurs feed on? |
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Definition
| plankton, with baleen like projections |
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Term
| What was the largest creature to ever fly? |
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Definition
| Quetzalcoatlus w/ a 38'wingspan! |
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Term
| How might quetzalcoatlus have fed? |
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Definition
| it might have dug crusteaceans out of the mud w/ long beak and neck |
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Term
| What kind of skeleton do birds have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the structural element of bird's bones? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what else, other than hollow bones, have birds done to reduce weight |
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Definition
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Term
| how do birds produce RBC w/o marrow? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the three types of feathers? |
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Definition
| Flight, contour and Downy |
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Term
| what did feathers probably originate for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would you find flight feathers? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what kind of microstructures do flight feathers have to maintain shape? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is a contour feather |
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Definition
| A hybrid of flight and downy feathers |
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Term
| Why do birds only replace a few feathers at a time? |
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Definition
| so flight is still possible, cuz it costs a lot |
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Term
| the greater the wings surface area the greater the ______ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| what is unique about Owl wings? |
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Definition
| eyelash feathers on leading edge of wing for silent flight |
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Term
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Definition
| pressing their cloacas together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when will eggs be cryptically colored? |
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Definition
| when they are laid in the open |
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Term
| what shape are cliff dweller eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a featherless patch on birds for warming eggs |
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Term
| what bird has the biggest egg relative to body size? |
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Definition
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Term
| A birds bill form reflects its ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| How do sea birds get rid of salt? |
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Definition
| pumped out of blood in the tubules of the nasal glands----->central duct and out a nostril |
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Term
| Which reptile invented the dolphin niche? |
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Definition
| The Ichthyosaur. It lived in the Triassic. It ate cephalopods that lived in the deep scattering layer. This area had low light and since the ichthyosaur did not have sonar it needed huge eyes. |
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Term
| What are some synapomorphies of turtles? |
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Definition
| Their ribs and vertebrae are fused the the carapace and plastron. The scapula is inside the rib cage (vs. outside of it like most tetrapods). The shells are composed of scutes. |
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Term
| How is water loss prevented in lizards? |
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Definition
| There is a lipid layer on the skin that prevents water loss. The scales do not prevent water from evaporating; scales are used for protecting the skin from abrasions. |
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Term
| What are some synapomorphies of snakes? |
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Definition
| They have lidless eyes, broad ventral scutes, and LACK external tympanum. |
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Term
| What allows a lizard to lose its tail? |
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Definition
| There are fracture planes in a lizards tail vertebrae. There are also small sphincter muscles that constrict to prevent blood loss. These muscles are associated with the arteries just before the fracture planes. The muscles between the vertebrae are not torn. |
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Term
| What makes a gecko/anole 'stick'? |
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Definition
| On the toe pads have lamellae on them that are further branched out into setae. These actually use Van der Waals to help grip! WOW! |
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Term
| What are the four ways that snakes move? |
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Definition
1) Serpentine: snakes use their scales to press against objects to move.
2) Sidewinding: snakes throw their body sideways to move.
3) Rectilinear: snakes move their ribs in a wave-like fashion.
4) Concertina: snakes move like an accordion. |
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Term
| What is a gastrolith? Who does this? |
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Definition
| Gastroliths have rocks in their gut to help break down food. Plesiosaurs, birds, and crocodiles use this type of digestion. |
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Term
| What is in Clade Squamata? |
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Definition
| Snakes, lizards, and worm lizards. Snakes are more numerous in species because of the specialized food niches that they occupy, but lizards are more morphologically diverse because of the more habitat niches they fill. |
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Term
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Definition
| No, they are kin. They lack penes, and have a different skull form. |
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Term
| What does TSD stand for? Explain. |
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Definition
| Temperature Sex Determination. The incubation temperature of many reptiles determines the sex of the offspring. For most turtles it means that the hotter incubation (burried deeper) will become females. It is opposite in most males. Snapping turtles have a mid range even. The hottest and coldest will become males, while those incubated at the temperature inbetween will become female. |
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Term
| What distinguishes Amniotes? |
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Definition
| Eggs can survive on land. |
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Term
| serpentine locomotion is... |
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Definition
| movement by pressing body against objects in environment |
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Term
| Rectlinear locomotion is... |
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Definition
| straight forward movement by moving the ribs |
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Term
| Concertina locomotion is... |
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Definition
| locomotion that is most like an accordion |
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Term
| Crocodiles have ______ snouts while alligators have _______ snouts |
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Definition
| Crocodiles have NARROW snouts while alligators have ROUNDER snouts |
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Term
| what are some crocodilian synapomorphies |
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Definition
-secondary palate which allows for breathing/eating at same time
-4 chambered hearts separating O2 and de-O2 blood
-maternal care of young |
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Term
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Definition
| its the bone on birds that protrudes from the sternum to provide a large surface area for pec muscles to attach to for flight |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The bottom half of a turtle shell. In males it is concave. |
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Term
| what is male and female genotype of birds and reptiles |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is penes? who has them and how many |
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Definition
| Penes is plural for penis and lizards have 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged scales on the belly of turtles and snakes |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic hair-like projections on the lamellae on toe pads of geckos or anoles: rely on to climb |
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