Term
| What does diploblastic mean? |
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Definition
Having 2 tissue layers: ectoderm(epidermis) and endoderm (gastrodermis). Ctenophores and Cnidarians are diploblastic and have radial symmetry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Between epidermis & gastrodermis, it is the part of the jellyfish that gives it structure. 96% water, 3% salt, 1% collagen-like fibers and mucopolysaccharides. |
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Definition
| A combination of mesoglea and water-filled gastrovascular cavity, it gives Radiata structure. [image] |
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Term
| List traits of the Radiata. |
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Definition
| diplobastic, radial symmetry, mesoglea, and hydrostatic skeleton |
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Term
What are two Ctenophoran synapomorphies? |
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Definition
Swim with ciliated "combs" = ctenes Catch food with colloblast cells. |
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Term
| What are two Cnidarian synapomorphies? |
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Definition
1) cnidocytes - stinging cells which fire nematocysts when touched 2) two-stage life cycle (sessile polyp & mobile medusa) |
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Term
| The four daughter clades of Cnidaria are ... |
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Definition
| 1. Hydrozoa 2. Anthozoa 3. Cubozoa (box jelly) 4. Scyphozoa (cup jelly) |
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Term
| Which Cnidarian clades have medusa-dominated life cycles? |
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Definition
1. Cubozoa: Box Jellies or Sea Wasps; Active Predators by using "camera eye" ocelli; 2. Scyphozoa: Jellies; Passive trawlers; Sensory organs statocyst (gravity sensing) and ocelli |
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Term
| Which Cnidarian clades are polyp stage dominated? |
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Definition
1. Anthozoa: Corals 2. Hydrozoa: Siphonophores; Polyphyletic; |
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Term
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Definition
| Larval stage of a cnidarian. It turns into a polyp. |
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Term
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Definition
Sessile cnidarian satge with oral surface pointed upward. Sea anemones are the quissential example. Radially symmetrical tentacles. Gastrovascular cavity has infolds called septae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Asexually by binary fission/ budding. Cloning this way can produce identical or different looking new cells. They work together in cooperation for specialization for different activites like feeding, reproducing and defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Anemones 2. Gorgongians 3. Coral |
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Term
| Anemone cooperation vs. competition |
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Definition
1. Cooperation: Symbiosis (parasitism, commensualism and mutualism); Dinoflagellates provide color to coral and nutrition; zoochlorellae lives in anemones 2. Competition: Two anemone clone patches with distinct DNA will create a bare zone between the two of them; fight over territory |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Stony Coral: Like warm water; if water is too hot the zooanthellae, which gives color, die resulting in coral bleaching 2. Fungus Coral: resemble mushrooms; can move slowly; leave clone cells on ocean floor 3. Brain Coral: Divides laterally 4. Organ Pipe Coral and Blue Coral: Colorful 5. Gorgonians: Sea Whips; Sea Fans; flexible axial rods run down middle providing support; tropical bottom dwellers 6. Cold Water Soft Coral: Sea Pens(resemble quills); Sea Pansies(resembles a kidney; surface contains zooids for feeding and defense) 7. Warm Water Soft Coral: Have hydrostatic skeletons and can inflate or deflate; can deflate to disappear |
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Term
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Definition
| They are overall a diverse group. They are polyphyletic. Some resemble jellies or stony corals. No synapomorphies. Hydra is the most known because it is easily kept in a lab. Hydra lacks medusa stage and reproduces by budding mostly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocorals are pink, red, purple. Unlike Anthozoan corals, their pores lack septa and instead have tiny outward, petal-like projections[image] |
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Term
| Describe two types of Hydrozoans |
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Definition
Benthic Hydrozoans: Feathery Colonies of interconnected zooids specialize to form a superorganism; Flexible exoskeleton
Pelagic Hydrozoans: medusoid zooids; Siphonophores; By the Windy sailors and portuguese man o war. |
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Term
| Two ways Ctenophores feed are ... |
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Definition
1. One clade catches prey with sticky colloblasts (long tentacles covered with mucus) Colloblasts are attached to tentacles with spiral filaments that provide flexibility
2. One clade simply opens mouth and engulfs the prey |
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Term
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Definition
| A sticky structure on tentacles of Ctenophora for prey capture. Flexible to ensure attachment despite struggling prey. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cnidaria stinging cells. When stimulated hydrostatic pressure increases in the nematocyst (fluid filled capsule). This in turn causes the barbed threads to protrude into prey and exert a neurotoxin. Can kill you!!!! |
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Term
| What is the hydrostatic skeleton? |
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Definition
| In Radiata, consists of the mesoglea and the water-filled cavity. |
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Term
| What Anthozoans fight over territory by stinging each other, which causes a "bare zone?" |
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Definition
| Anemones (Anthopleura elegantissima) and tropical corals[image] |
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Term
| How does the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima reproduce? |
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Definition
| It forms large colonies by asexual fission[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbiosis where one organism benefits while the other remains unaffected |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbiosis where both organisms benefit. |
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Term
| What are two examples of anthozoan mutualistic relationships? |
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Definition
1. Green zoochlorellae live in anemones getting nutrients and giving sugars.
2. Golden brown dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) live within reef building corals providing 95% of nutritrion for coral. Zooxanthellae are critical in forming the calcareous skeletons. In exchange the zooxanthellae receive protection. |
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Term
| How do brain coral reproduce? |
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Definition
| They grow by lateral fission.[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Resemble mushrooms. Are not sessile. Can move slowly by pushing with tentacles. They clone to create pile on ocean floor[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Anthozoan. Colonies of tiny polyps that feed at night. Morphologically diverse. Live in tropical water where the salinity is above 35ppt. Coral Bleaching occurs when the polyps leave.[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Ctenophore. Their feeding style is by simply opening mouth to devour prey.[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid-filled capsule of stinging cells - cnidocytes - in cnidarians. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cnidaria subclade Anthozoa. Named for Mythical sisters with hair of snakes. Sea whips and sea fans[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Cnidaria daughter clade Hydrozoa. It is solitary and only has a polyp stage. It is a fresh water organism[image] |
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Term
| What are benthic hydrozoans? |
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Definition
| Interconnected zooids that form "superorganisms." They appear feathery and have a flexible exoskeleton. |
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Term
| Name three Pelagic Hydrozoans. |
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Definition
1. By the wind sailors: wash up during winter storms
2. Siphonophores: Medusoid zooids; can be more than 30 meters long
3. Portuguese Man o war: Lethal tentacles stretch over 10 meters |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexible, Runs down Gorgonian's middle acting as their skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| Gravity sensing organ. Found in the bell margain of Scyphozoans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A light sensing organ bordered by chemosensory folds. Found in the bell margin of scyphozoa. |
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Term
| What are the radial canals? |
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Definition
| The branching gastrodermis of cnidarians that circulates digested food. |
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Term
| How do Cubozoans differ from Scyphozoans? |
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Definition
| Cubozoans tentacles emerging only from the four oral surface corners. They are active predators with well-developed camera eyes. [image] |
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Term
| How does cooperation aid in polyps? |
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Definition
| Allows task specialization such as feeding, reproduction and defense |
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Term
| What does the life cycle of a jelly look like? |
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Definition
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Term
What Cnidarian clade is polyphyletic? |
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Definition
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