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| role of cortical epithelial cells |
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| pre-T cell: stromal cells and notch protein, develop from HSC |
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| role of positive T cell selection |
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Definition
| only T cells that recognize MHC survive |
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| role of negative T cell selection |
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| TCR that recognize self proteins- apoptosis |
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| Differential strength of MHC/TCR interactions drives +/- selection |
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| Differential Signaling hypothesis |
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| +/- selection are driven by different stimulatory signals |
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| how does CD4/CD8 differentiation occur? |
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Definition
| instructive vs. stochastic model |
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| activation of ITAMs in TCR recognition |
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| CD4/8 binds MHC, p56lck phosphorylates ITAMs, creating docking site for ZAP-70 |
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| ZAP-70 role in T cell activation |
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Definition
| phosphorylates adaptor molecules... several signaling pathways components recruited |
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| phospholipase C, protein complex C pathways |
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| activate genes for T cell activation |
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| cytokine secreted in T cell activation |
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| cytokine secreted in T cell activation |
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| expressed on T cells, sets timer upon activation by B7 |
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| Cell is induced into a resting state, cannot be stimulated further |
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| activated T cell duration |
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Differentiate into memory and effector populations
Basis for differentiation largely unknown
Memory T-cells respond rapidly to subsequent antigen exposure
Replicate as a clone for 4-5 days |
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Cell mediated and inflammatory functions, activate Tc
(IL-2, IFN-g, TNF-B) |
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Activate B-cells
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 |
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| T regulatory (Treg) (CD4+/CD25+) |
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| Antigen specific suppressors of immune responses |
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| cross-link TCR and MHC, result is massive, inappropriate, T-activation |
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| toxic shock syndrom symptoms |
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Definition
High fever of sudden onset, drop in blood pressure
Diffuse sunburn rash, progresses to desquamating rash on soles and palms at 7-10d
Vomiting, diarrhea
Confusion, disorientation
No obvious signs of infection |
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Definition
| Superficial staphylococcal colonization and production of enterotoxin TSST-1 |
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| Staphylococus aureus: Intoxication with superantigen |
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Definition
Improperly refrigerated/cooled fried rice, mayonnaise, milk products
Rapid: One to six hours after you eat
Only lasts 1-6 hours, 24 hours at most
Acute stomach cramps, sometimes fever, and lots of vomiting
Extremely common! |
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Definition
Raw poultry, uncooked eggs, unwashed vegetables, pet reptiles
Intermediate: 8 to 72 hours post food consumption/ pet handling
May last a full week
Watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, dehydration
Common |
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| Escherichia coli O157:H7: Infection |
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Definition
Raw meat, bean sprouts and organic vegetables
Delayed: Symptoms take 24+ hours to develop
Bloody diarrhea without fever, lasts 1-8 days
No vomiting
Rarely fatal in young
Less common |
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Definition
Failure in human T-cell apoptosis:
Dominant negative mutation in Fas gene |
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| Slow Pathway (T cell apoptosis) |
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| Signal originates in the TCR, mechanism of clearance by positive and negative selection in the thymus |
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| Fast Pathway (T cell apoptosis) |
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| Fas and Fas ligand are induced on activated T-cells, mechanism of clearance of activated T-cells in the periphery (outside thymus) |
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