Term
|
Definition
| seeks to describe the structure, organization, and functions of living matter in molecular terms |
|
|
Term
| What is the universal concept of biochemistry? |
|
Definition
| all living things use the same types of biomolecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water
inorganic ions
small organic compounds |
|
|
Term
| What percentage do biomolecules account for living matter by weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage do macromolecules account for living matter by weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of macromolecules? |
|
Definition
nucleic acids
proteins
polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
lipids |
|
|
Term
| Cells import what rather than creating it themselves? |
|
Definition
| cells import water, ions & small compounds |
|
|
Term
| What do cells make for themselves? |
|
Definition
| Cells make their own macromolecules |
|
|
Term
| Why do cells make their own macromolecules? |
|
Definition
| Macromolecules are too large to import into the cell but are rather made from the subunits that are able to be imported into the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the structural hierarcy? |
|
Definition
level four: the cell and its organelles
level three: supramolecular complexes
level two: macromolecules
level one: monomeric units |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of level one in the structural hierarchy? |
|
Definition
nucleotides
amino acids
sugars |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of level two in the structural hierarchy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of level three in the structural hierarchy? |
|
Definition
chromosome
plasma membrane
cell wall |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of level four in the structural hierarchy? |
|
Definition
| the cell and its organelles |
|
|
Term
| The process of creating a nucleic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
|
|
Term
| What is the monomer unit for nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of a nucleotide? |
|
Definition
sugar
nitrogenous base
phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| What type of sugar is associated with DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of sugar is associated with RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of linkages are associated with nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
repositories & transmitters of genetic information
energy exchange: ATP & GTP
metabolic regulation
catalytic (some) |
|
|
Term
| What "sense" are nucleic acids read in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a polymer formed (basic idea)? |
|
Definition
| amino acid monomers are linked together by amide (peptide) bond |
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant type of macromolecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many types of proteins does a typical eukaryotic cell have? |
|
Definition
~ 7.9 * 10^9
varies widely
depends on cell type, age, cell cycle, activity |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of proteins? |
|
Definition
"workhorses of the cell"
responsible for structure, movement, catalysis, and antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Changes in abundance or proteins per cell |
|
Definition
abundance of particular protein varies widely
there are rare proteins such as a cell-surface insulin receptor and there are abundant proteins such as actin, a structural protein |
|
|
Term
| Formation of a polypeptide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrate general formula |
|
Definition
(CH2O)n
many contain amion sulfate or phosphate groups |
|
|
Term
| Functions of carbohydrate |
|
Definition
energy cycle in biosphere
structural
- cellulose in woody plants
- exoskeleton in insects
molecular recognition |
|
|
Term
| Monomer unit for carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formation of a carbohydrate |
|
Definition
|
|
