Term
| Provide energy to the GI mucosal cells |
|
Definition
| Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) |
|
|
Term
| Increased concentration from prebiotic material (diet) |
|
Definition
| Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred energy substrates of friendly microbes in the GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bifidobacteria
Lactobacilli |
|
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Term
| Research indicates that a diet that is low in fiber, and primarily based on meat, fat, and highly digestible carbohydrates results in a higher ratio of “putrefactive” or potentially harmful bacteria such as: |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas, Clostridia, E. coli, and Proteus |
|
|
Term
| Foods or concentrates of live organisms that contribute to a healthy microbial environment and suppress harmful microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Combinations of both probiotics and prebiotics used in a clinical setting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preliminary research suggest they may protect against conditions such as colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate and fiber by colonic microbes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Colonic Salvage: Fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate and fiber by colonic microbes leads to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ serve as fuel, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells, reduce osmolality, enhance Na+ and water absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ salvage is limited in humans to 20-25 g per day |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Excess amounts of either fiber or carbohydrate can cause: |
|
Definition
Gas
Abdominal distention
Bloating
Pain
Increased flatulence
Decreased colonic pH
Diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Current recommendation for fiber intake is_________ g per day from fruits, vegetables, legumes, seeds, and whole grains for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Current recommendation for fiber intake is 24-38 g per day from fruits, vegetables, legumes, seeds, and whole grains for: |
|
Definition
Maintain colon cell health
Prevent excessive intracolonic pressure
Prevent constipation, maintain stable microbrial population |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carb digestion: Small intestine – |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carb digestion: Small intestine brush border enzymes – |
|
Definition
| maltase, sucrase, lactase |
|
|
Term
| Carb digestion: Final result is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates not digestible by humans |
|
Definition
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin
Gum |
|
|
Term
These Carbohydrates not digestible by humans
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin
Gum
And other forms of fiber, because We lack the ability to |
|
Definition
| split the Beta 1-2 and Beta 1-4 linkages in the fiber |
|
|
Term
| Protein Digestion: Stomach |
|
Definition
| Pepsin (can digest collagen) |
|
|
Term
| Protein Digestion:Small intestine |
|
Definition
| enterokinase to trypsinogen to trypsin to other pancreatic proteolytic enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Protein Digestion:Small intestine brush border |
|
Definition
| peptidases and hydrolases |
|
|
Term
| Protein Average ______ g per day (mostly animal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 97% of lipids are ________, the rest are phospholipids and cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large fatty meal (fat in small intestine) stimulates CCK and enterogastrone which |
|
Definition
| inhibit gastric secretions and motility |
|
|
Term
| Lipids Can cause food to remain in the stomach for up to ___ hours or longer (fat make you full) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lingual lipase (very small) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastric lipase (short-chain triglycerides) |
|
|
Term
Lipid Digestion:
Small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile salts form complexes with free fatty acids and monoglycerides called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ transport lipid through the watery lumen to the brush border and then release them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bile salts are then reabsorbed in the _____________ and returned to the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The process of Micelles transport lipid through the watery lumen to the brush border and then release them
The bile salts are then reabsorbed in the terminal ileum and returned to the liver |
|
Definition
| enterohepatic circulation |
|
|
Term
| enterohepatic circulation can occur up to ____ times per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triglycerides, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and phospholipids surrounded by a Beta lipoprotein coat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “reassembled” triglycerides in the mucosal cells following their transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pass into lymphatic system, through bloodstream to tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, and muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The triglycerides that make it to the liver (as Chylomicrons) get repackaged into ________ that primarily go to adipose tissue for storage and metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________% of ingested fat is abosrbed into lymph vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MCT’s are
______ carbon fatty acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MCT’s are
Absorbed directly into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does not require the presence of bile and micelle formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCT’s are used clinically for Lack of triglyceride transport into |
|
Definition
| lympathic, abetalipoproteinemia |
|
|
Term
| MCT’s are used clinically for Lack of bile salts for |
|
Definition
| emulsification and micelle formation |
|
|
Term
| The appearance of undigested fat in the feces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased motility
Intestinal mucosal changes
Pancreatic insufficiency
Absence of bile |
|
|
Term
| Primary site of absorption of vitamins and minerals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (the best way to get minerals) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absorption of _____ minerals is more complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mineral bound to a __________ so that it is in a form capable of being absorbed into intestinal cells |
|
Definition
| ligand (acid, organic acid, AA) |
|
|
Term
| Phytates & oxalates decrease _________ absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron and Zinc are 2 minerals that partially rely on the needs of the ______ to determine the amount of absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron and zinc are Absorbed better when obtained from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ will interfer with absorption of other minerals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Age factors affecting digestion |
|
Definition
Impaired protein turnover rate
Reduced anabolic hormone production
Inadequate intake |
|
|
Term
| ______________ are destroyed with prolonged cooking |
|
Definition
|
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