Term
| in the upper gastrointestinal tract, an important attribute of fiber is its |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the upper gastrointestinal tract, an important attribute of fiber is its viscosity, which may lead to a |
|
Definition
| delay in gastric emptying, interference with or prolonged absorption of other nutrients |
|
|
Term
| In the large intestine, the __________ of the fiber is its dominant attribute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the less fermentable fibers are good bulking agents and promote |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some of the more fermentable fibers produce |
|
Definition
| gases and short-chain fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| ___________, is the primary aerobic fuel for cells of the colon). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This benefit is reflected in the assignment of a daily dietary reference intake value for fiber of ___ g fiber/1000 calories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fiber intake has been linked to risk reduction of a variety of different diseases, primarily |
|
Definition
| diabetes, heart disease, and colon cancer. |
|
|
Term
| Although most definitions of dietary fiber are restricted to ______ sources, the definitions that are based on analytic methods may include fiber from animal sources. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the oligosaccharides in beans |
|
Definition
| raffinose, stachyose, and verbacose |
|
|
Term
| the properties of __________ mimic some of those of traditional dietary fiber. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foods that contain significant amounts of resistant starch include |
|
Definition
| legumes ,green bananas ,and potatoes that have been cooked and allowed to cool |
|
|
Term
| The National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board definition: Dietary Fiber consists of |
|
Definition
| non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants |
|
|
Term
| The National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board Definition:Functional Fiber consists of |
|
Definition
| isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans |
|
|
Term
| Most definitions of dietary fiber state that it includes |
|
Definition
| non-starch polysaccharides and lignin |
|
|
Term
| The major non-starch polysaccharides that comprise dietary fiber are |
|
Definition
| cellulose, beta-glucans, hemicelluloses, pectins, and gums |
|
|
Term
| ___________ are polymers of glucose, but unlike starch, the bonds between glucose units are beta 1-4 linkages rather than alpha 1-4 linkages, and because mammalian enzymes cannot break the beta linkage, these polymers are not digested and absorbed. |
|
Definition
| Cellulose and beta-glucans |
|
|
Term
| The effects of fiber on the gastrointestinal tract depend on specific properties of fiber, most importantly |
|
Definition
| viscosity and fermentability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the upper gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| fermentability of fiber will effect the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because fiber is not digested by human enzymes, it |
|
Definition
| remains intact in the stomach, as well as in the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| The presence of ________ fibers in the stomach can delay the rate of emptying of ingested foods from the stomach into the duodenum by forming a , gel-like consistency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gel-like environment in the small intestine produced from viscous fiber has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes associated with |
|
Definition
| fat, carbohydrate, and protein digestion |
|
|
Term
| Delayed gastric emptying or a reduced rate of carbohydrate digestion, as a result of fiber consumption, has been reported to |
|
Definition
| reduce the glycemic index of meals |
|
|
Term
| the intestinal absorption of fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, and protein has been reported to be reduced with fiber consumption, as determined by increased fecal content of these macronutrients ), resulting in |
|
Definition
| decreased metabolizable energy |
|
|
Term
| Limited evidence suggests that dietary fiber may be beneficial in reducing the risk of and treatment for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________, a viscous fiber, was reported to help alleviate pain and to provide better tolerance for certain foods when it was given to patients with duodenal ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fermentability of fiber depends on the |
|
Definition
| physiochemical properties of the fiber and the colonic microflora |
|
|
Term
| Fiber sources that are highly fermented |
|
Definition
| oat bran, pectin, and guar |
|
|
Term
| The degree of fiber fermentability affects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the greater the fecal bulk |
|
Definition
| the greater the laxative effect |
|
|
Term
| The poorly fermentable fibers contribute more to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The poorly fermentable fibers contribute more to fecal bulk, and if they also attract water (e.g., wheat bran), they make a significant contribution to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a fiber is fermented, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases are formed, as are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the principal anions in the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the highly fermentable fibers are not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| highly fermentable fibers produce large amounts of |
|
Definition
| short-chain fatty acids including butyrate |
|
|
Term
| is considered the primary energy source for the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is hypothesized to be protective against colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the greater the weight of the stool, the more rapid is the rate of passage through the colon, thus |
|
Definition
| the better the laxative effect |
|
|
Term
| The same properties that result in increased laxation (water-holding capacity and bulking ability) are thought to |
|
Definition
| reduce intracolonic pressure and to lower the risk for diverticular disease |
|
|
