Term
| Negative affects of caloric restriction |
|
Definition
Hypotension
Slower wound healing
Depression
Excessive loss of fat and muscle mass
(Which leads to strength loss, temperature sensitivity, bone loss, libido loss, infertility, etc) |
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|
Term
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
components |
|
Definition
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Activity thermogenesis |
|
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Term
| Minimum energy to live, lying down |
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Definition
| Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) |
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Term
60-70% of TEE, fasting(10-12 hrs) & no exercise
Rarely measured now, not practical |
|
Definition
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
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|
Term
Measured with input from body size, composition, sex, other factors (for example, drugs & temperature)
More commonly used
10-20% higher than BMR |
|
Definition
| Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) |
|
|
Term
Energy expended by the body internally to support life
From respiration to moving ions across membranes
60% is from heat produced by liver, brain, heart and kidneys |
|
Definition
| Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) |
|
Definition
Body Size
Body Composition
Age
Hormonal Status |
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|
Term
| The BMR formula _________ uses the variables of height, weight, age and gender to calculate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The only factor Harris-Benedict omits is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
consist of 20 seconds of maximum intensity exercise, followed by 10 seconds of rest.
This cycle is repeated 8 times (for a total of 4-minutes). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In its simplest form, anthropometry includes direct measures of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Current methods of measuring FFM include: |
|
Definition
Underwater weighing (hydrodensitometry)
Bod Pod (Air-displacement plethysmography)
Dual X-ray absorption (DEXA)
Skinfold anthropometry (SFA)
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
|
|
Term
The gold standard in determining FFM
Measures body density (difference in dry weight and underwater weight) |
|
Definition
| Underwater weighing (hydrodensitometry) |
|
|
Term
| The less a person weights underwater the higher the percentage of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5 minute test
Measures volume changes within the chamber |
|
Definition
| Bod Pod (Air-displacement plethysmography) |
|
|
Term
Uses a source that generates X-rays at two energies
The differential attenuation of the two energies is used to estimate the bone mineral content and the soft tissue composition |
|
Definition
| Dual Energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) |
|
|
Term
Arms, Legs, and Trunk are the best areas
to test with this method |
|
Definition
| Dual Energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) |
|
|
Term
| This methodAssumes that FFM maintains a constant 73% level of hydration, but that can vary from 67-85% |
|
Definition
| Dual Energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) |
|
|
Term
| Technique is based on the assumption that the subcutaneous adipose layer reflects total body fat, but this association may vary with age and gender |
|
Definition
| Skinfold anthropometry (SFA) |
|
|
Term
| Less accurate in young, old, very lean, muscular or obese |
|
Definition
| Skinfold anthropometry (SFA) |
|
|
Term
| Most common due to its ease of use |
|
Definition
| Skinfold anthropometry (SFA) |
|
|
Term
| Body Density equations to use for skin folds |
|
Definition
| Jackson/Pollack for men & Jackson/Pollack/Ward for women |
|
|
Term
| Estimation of percent fat equations for skin folds are from either |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the relationship between the volume of the conductor (i.e., the human body), the conductor’s length (i.e., height), the components of the conductor (i.e., fat and fat-free mass), and its impedance |
|
Definition
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
|
|
Term
| Based on the assumption that the overall conductivity of the human body is closely related to lean tissue |
|
Definition
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
|
|
Term
| The technique involves attaching surface electrodes to various locations on the arm and foot. Alternatively, the patient can stand on pad electrodes |
|
Definition
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
|
|
Term
| reflects the ability of tissues and the whole body to conduct an electrical current |
|
Definition
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) |
|
|
Term
| Because __________ has both a large volume (largest tissue in most people) and low resistance (owing to its high electrolyte content), most of the current in a whole-body BIA measure flows through it, and most of the BIA resistance is explained by it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have poor conductance properties (owing to their low electrolyte content) and thus have a minimal impact on BIA resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BIA measures are dependent on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BIA is a commonly employed method for measuring ____________, as well as its distribution into the intracellular and extracellular compartments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a simple index of weight-for-height (kg/m2), is commonly employed in both research and clinical settings as a measure of adiposity status |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relation between BMI and fat mass is influenced by a number of factors including |
|
Definition
| race, age, genetic factors, and fitness level |
|
|
Term
| women have slower _________ than men, approximately 5-10% lower then men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thyroid gland
Sympathetic nervous system (epinephrine)
Menstrual cycle (slight increase during ovulation)
Pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Factors Affecting Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) Hormonal Status |
|
|
Term
| Other Factors Affecting Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) |
|
Definition
Caffeine (100-200 mg)
Nicotine
Fever
Environmental Temperature |
|
|
Term
| Increase in RMR of 7-11% in men (200-350 mg) and 8-15% in women (240 mg) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increases RMR
3-4 % in men
6% in women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increases metabolic rate by 7% for each degree of increase in body temperature above 98.6 degrees F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5% increase in RMR
Temperatures greater than 86 F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increase in RMR
Dependent upon level of body fat and clothing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accounts for about 10% of TEE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Affected by composition of the diet, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most variable component of TEE |
|
Definition
| Activity Thermogenesis (AT) |
|
|
Term
| Affected by body size, efficiency of individual habits of motion, fitness level |
|
Definition
| Activity Thermogenesis (AT) |
|
|
Term
| energy expended during the activities of daily living |
|
Definition
| Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) |
|
|
Term
Body size
Efficiency of motion
Level of fitness
Fat Free Mass (FFM)
Decline with Age (also decline of FFM)
Greater FFM in men than women |
|
Definition
| Factors Affecting Thermogenesis |
|
|
Term
| have been shown to increase EPOC |
|
Definition
| Duration and magnitude of exercise |
|
|
Term
| Habitual exercise does not increase the duration of the EPOC but causes a flat out increase in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measure of energy expended as heat (whole-room), amount not the type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Estimates energy expenditure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production over a set period of time, more practical
(Used most often) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Measure TEE over 10-14 days
Incorporates TEE, REE, TEF, and AT
Expensive of isotopes, expertise to operate machines
Provided clinical data for prediction equations for total energy requirements |
|
Definition
| Doubly labeled water (2H20 H2,18O) |
|
|
Term
| Best Method for Measuring Energy Expenditure |
|
Definition
| Doubly labeled water (2H20 H2,18O) |
|
|
Term
Created in 1919
Oldest but overestimate REE by 7-24% |
|
Definition
| Harris-Benedict equations |
|
|
Term
| “average dietary intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health” |
|
Definition
| Estimated energy requirement (EEF) |
|
|
Term
| Estimations of Energy Expenditure for physical activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metabolic rate in the human body is affected by several variables, including |
|
Definition
| daily TEE, two-thirds of which is the BEE. |
|
|
Term
| The energy cost of physical activity is the most variable of factors related to an individual’s ______, and can be altered by the individual. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activity has the most impact on a person’s energy balance, usually due to the |
|
Definition
| energy expended during activities of daily living |
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