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| allows organizations to share knowledge and experience among managers and employees |
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| systems form a broad and diverse set of systems that can replicate human decision making for certain types of well-defined problems |
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| can enable a novice to perform at the level of an expert but must be developed and maintained very carefully |
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| help organizations and individuals achieve their goals |
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| Why Learn About Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems |
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| used in almost every industry, will help you discover new ways to use information systems in your day-to-day work |
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| Knowledge Management Systems |
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An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices
–Used to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience |
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Objective
–Can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rules |
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Hard to measure and document
–Typically not objective or formalized |
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| People who create, use, and disseminate knowledge |
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Communities of practice
groups of people with common interests |
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| includes documents, reports, files, and databases |
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| help capture and use knowledge |
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| Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain |
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| attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human |
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| –Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience |
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Determine what is important
–React quickly and correctly to a new situation
–Understand visual images
–Process and manipulate symbols
–Be creative and imaginative
–Use heuristics |
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| Brain Computer Interface (BCI |
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| directly connect the human brain to a computer |
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| Hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to a human expert |
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| Developing mechanical devices that can |
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| Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures |
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| Natural Language Processing and Voice Recognition |
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| Involves the computer understanding, analyzing, manipulating, and/or generating “natural” languages such as English |
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| Allows the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives |
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| Computer systems that can recognize and act on patterns or trends that it detects in large sets of data |
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| An approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges |
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| Programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program |
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| Computerized expert systems use heuristics, or rules of thumb, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions |
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| Components of Expert Systems |
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Components
–Knowledge base
–Inference engine
–Explanation facility
–Knowledge base acquisition facility
–User interface |
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| The knowledge base stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships that the expert system uses |
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To seek information and relationships from the knowledge base
–To provide answers, predictions, and suggestions like a human expert |
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| Allows a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results |
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| Knowledge Acquisition Facility |
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| Provides convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base |
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| Makes an expert system easier for users and decision makers to develop and use |
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| the person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture |
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| person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system |
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| Person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system |
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| programming languages developed for AI applications |
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| enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment |
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| Immersive virtual reality |
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| The user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by a compute |
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| Head-mounted display (HMD) |
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| To see in a virtual world, a user wears a HMD with screens directed at each eye and a position tracker |
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| Applications that are not fully immersive |
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Mouse-controlled navigation through a 3D environment on a graphics monitor
–Stereo projection systems
–Stereo viewing from the monitor via stereo glasses |
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| Assistive technology systems |
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| Wide range of assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks |
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| The combination of information technology with traditional disciplines, e.g., medicine or science, while considering the impact on individuals, organizations, and society |
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| Develops, studies, and applies theories, methods, and processes for the generation, storage, retrieval, use, and sharing of |
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| awareness and understanding of a set of information |
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