Term
| What percent of the U.S. is obese? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most obese European country? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Physical activity data shows a lower activity levels among men than women in developed countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Physical Activity: |
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Definition
| Any bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure |
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Term
| Leading cause of death for 18-22 year olds |
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Definition
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Term
| Leading cause of death in 1900 |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Quality of Life |
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Definition
| Wealth, employment, education, etc |
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Term
| What three behaviors cause 1/3 of deaths in developed countries? |
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Definition
| Poor nutrition, inactivity, and smoking |
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Term
| What percent of the world is insufficiently active to gain health benefits? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Exercise is a subcategory of leisure time |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of epidemiological study is the Harvard Alumni Study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the unit called "MET" measure? |
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Definition
| Intensity of physical activity in multiples of resting metabolic rate |
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Term
| Which statistic quantifies the proportion of individuals in a population that exhibits the outcome of interest at a specific time? |
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Definition
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Term
| In epidemiology, what does confounding mean? |
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Definition
| Distortion of the effect of an exposure on disease because a third factor associated with the exposure independently affects the risk of developing the disease |
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Term
| T or F: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control of health problems |
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Definition
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Term
| In Taylor's study of US railroad industry employees, which group was found with high risk of mortality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of test was used in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) (Blair)? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Harvard Alumni Study,... |
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Definition
| There is an inverse dose relationship between physical activity and all-cause mortality, but a slight spike in men most active |
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Term
| What type of study has consistently shown that physical activity and physical fitness are inversely related to all-cause mortality risk? |
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Definition
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Term
| Findings from ACLS indicate that __ has the highest population attributable risk for all-cause mortality |
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Definition
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Term
| The biggest limitation to Harvard Alumni Study was... |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Health ABC study (Manini) mortality rates were __ times lower in groups with highest fitness compared with those with lowest fitness |
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Definition
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Term
| #1 cause of death globally |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) |
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Term
| In Taylor's study (1962), which employees showed the lowest mortality rate over the two-year period? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level |
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Term
| In Morris's classic study of London transport workers, the risk of heart attack in bus conductors compared with bus drivers was approximately... |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of endothelial cells in terms of endosclerosis: |
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Definition
1. Barrier restricting passage of large molecules in cells
2. Regulate blood flow to metabolic needs
3. Inhibit proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells |
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Term
| Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor of CVD? Hypertension; Smoking; Obesity; Ethnic background |
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Definition
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Term
| If systolic blood pressure is in the range of 120-129, what blood pressure category is that? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lead author of Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study: |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F:According to ACLS, relative risk for all cause mortality in lowest quintile of fitness was 4 times higher than highest quintile |
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Definition
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Term
| At what point does a woman's risk for heart disease increase to be similar to a man's risk? |
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Definition
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Term
| Waist circumference is considered a health risk in women when their waist is __ or above |
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Definition
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Term
| Diabetes mellitus is characterized by: |
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Definition
| chronic hyperglycemia and elevated non-esterified fatty-acid concentrations |
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Term
| T or F: CVD is a major cause of premature mortality in those afflicted with Type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of Type 2 Diabetes cases are believed to be preventable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of obese people will eventually develop Type 2 diabetes? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did interest shift from looking at occupational activity to studying leisure time? |
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Definition
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Term
| On average, how much earlier do those with Diabetes mellitus die than those without? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate prevalence of Diabetes in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of body fat to the point that health is endangered |
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Term
| Useful markers for obesity: |
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Definition
| Elevated waist circumference, body mass index, weight, genes |
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Term
| Obesity develops due to primarily... |
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Definition
| An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure |
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Term
| What plays a major role in determining an individuals susceptibility to obesity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the macronutrients can be stored in the muscle and liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the BMI cut off point for an individual that is classified as extremely obese? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Weight regain is common among those who have lost weight through diet and exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Prentice and Jebb concluded that modern inactive lifestyles are not as important as diet |
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Definition
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Term
| This experiment took 16 non-obese volunteers and overfed them 1,000 kcal a day. After 8 weeks, the people gained between <1 and >10 lbs |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Lakka, men who engaged in moderate or vigorous activity for <1 hour a week were ___ more likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to 3+ hours a week |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: According to Ford, people who watch TV for 4+ hours a day were 2x more likely to have metabolic syndrome than <1 hour a day |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is currently a suspected cause metabolic syndrome? Insulin Resistance; Hypertension; Diabetes; Cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Considered metabolic syndrome abnormalities: |
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Definition
| Hyperinsulinaemia, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, Hypertension, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
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Term
| What highlights physical acivity as an attractive therapy for metabolic syndrome? |
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Definition
1. Drugs tend to treat only one of the core abnormalities
2. Physical activity has multiple beneficial effects on the syndrome features |
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Term
| This study found that in both sexes, there was a significant, inverse relationship across tertile of aerobic fitness: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of a session of exercise on subsequent postprandial lipoprotein metabolism? |
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Definition
| Postprandial lipoproteins are lower after the meal |
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Term
| T or F: Lavernic found flow-mediated dilation improvement in patients who trained for 12 weeks compared with randomly allocated controls |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of fitness, VO2 is expressed in relative terms using what units? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the intensity in METs of an individual who is using 21 mL/kg/min of O2? |
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Definition
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