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Kinship and Descent
Vocab--Bon Villain
31
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
11/03/2008

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Term
kinship system
Definition
system of determing who ones's relatives are and what one's relationship is to them
Term
consaguines
Definition
people related by blood
Term
affines
Definition
people related by marriage
Term
fictive kin
Definition
unrelated individuals who are regarded and treated as relatives
Term
rules of descent
Definition
social rules that stipulate the nature of relationships from one generation to another (bilateral, etc.)
Term
bilateral descent
Definition
principle of descent in which people think of themselves related to both their mother's kin and their father's kin at the same time
Term
unilineal descent
Definition
principle of descent in which people define themselves in relation to only one side, either their mother's side or their father's side
Term
kindred
Definition
kinship group consisting of known bilateral relatives with whom people interact, socialize and rely on for economic and emotional assistance
Term
matrilineal
Definition
descent system in which kinship group membership and inheritance pass through the female line
Term
patrilineal
Definition
descent system in which kinship group membership and inheritance pass through the male line
Term
patriarchy
Definition
social system in which men occupy positions of social, economic, and political power from which women are excluded
Term
double descent
Definition
kinship principle in which people belong to kinship groups of both their mother and father
Term
parallel descent
Definition
kinship principle in which descent and inheritance follow gender-linked lines so that men consider themselves descended from their fathers and women consider themselves descended from their mothers
Term
ambilineal descent
Definition
principle of descent in which individuals may choose to affiliate with either their mother's or father's kinship group (the richest side)
Term
lineage
Definition
a set of relatives tracing descent from a known common ancestor
Term
exogamy
Definition
marriage principle in which people cannot marry members of their own lineage or clan but instead must forge alliances with members of other groups
Term
endogamy
Definition
marriage principle in which people marry members of their own group
Term
parallel cousin
Definition
child of one's mother's sister or father's brother
Term
cross cousin
Definition
a child of one's mother's brother or father's sister
Term
clans
Definition
named groups of people who believe that they are relatives even though they may not be able to trace their actual relationships with all members of hteir group
Term
matricians
Definition
clans formed through descent and inheritance from women of their group
Term
patricians
Definition
clans formed through descent and inheritance from men of their group
Term
totem
Definition
an animal or plant believed by a group of people to have been their primordial ancestor or protector
Term
segmentary lineages
Definition
lineages organized in a hierarchal structure, ranked according to the number of generations they encompass
Term
phraties
Definition
groups of linked clans that are usually exogamous
Term
moities
Definition
groups of linked clans that divide a society into two halves, usually exogamous
Term
avoidance relationships
Definition
patterns of behavior between certain sets of kin that demonstrate respect and social distance
Term
joking relationships
Definition
patterns of behavior between certain sets of kin that involve reciprocal joking, teasing, and playfulness, sometimes taking the form of flirtationa and sexual innuendo
Term
iroquois system
Definition
kin terms that emphasize the difference between one's parents same sex siblings and opposite sex siblings, classifying parallel cousins with one's own siblings.
Term
eskimo
Definition
making distinctions between the nuclear family and all other types of relatives and on gender
Term
Hawaiian system
Definition
kin terms making distinctions only of generation and gender
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