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| branch of physics dealing with the study of forces and the motion produced by their actions |
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| Factors associated with nonmoving systems |
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| Factors associated with moving systems |
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| applying mechanics to the structure and fuction of the human body |
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| deals with forces causing movement in a system |
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| manner in which bones move in space without reguard to the movement of joint surfaces |
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| manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move in relation to each other |
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| any action or influence that moves an object |
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| quantity having both magnitude and direction |
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| Tendency of a force to produce roation about an axis |
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an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion
Law of interia
ex. riding in a car, friction |
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Amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to the object
Law of acceleration
Ex soccer ball, mass size |
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Law of action/reaction
ex Trampoline |
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Describes online magnitude
length, area, volume, weight |
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| Describes both magnitude and direction |
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Results when 2 or more are acting along the smae line or plane
Movement occurs in the direction of force |
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Occur in the same plane and direction with a counter force in the middle but in the opposite direction
ex seesaw, 3 point force system in bracing |
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| Net effect of 3 or more forces (concurrent forces act from a common point but pull in different directions) |
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| Resultant force of unequal forces moves towards the stronger force |
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Occurs when 2 forces act in equal but opposite direction resulting in a turning effect
Turning a steering wheel
scapula rotating up and down - lat pull down
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| Most of muscle force directed back into joint, very small moment arm |
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Most muscle force causes movement of joint, larger moment arm
ex quads |
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| Object is balanced, all forces acting on it are even |
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Balanced point of an object at which weight on all sides is equal, planes of the body intersect here
s2 in adults |
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| that part of the body that is in contact with the supporting surface |
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Ratio between the force arm and the resistance arm
what is gained in force is lost in distance
MA=FA/RA |
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| Convex component always moves in opposite direction to bone |
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| concave component always moves in the same direction as bone |
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| One surface rolls on to another, new points on each surface make contact as motion progresses |
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| one surface glides on another, one point on one surface makes contact with many points on another |
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| Origin moves toward insertion |
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| Longer and have greater range of motion |
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| Shorter with greater strength potential and smaller range of motion potential |
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Long and thing
ex rectus abdominus, sartorius, sternocladiomastoid |
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Spindle shape
ex. biceps, brachialis, brachialradialis |
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| Parallel- Triangular Fiber |
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Flat, fan shapped
ex Pectoralis major |
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| Parallel- Rhombiodal Fibers |
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Flat, broad and 4 sided
ex rhomnboids, gluteus maximus |
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| Oblique- Unipennate Fiber |
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Looks like one side of a feather
ex posterior tibialis |
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looks like a feather
ex rectus femorus |
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| Oblique- Multipennate Fiber |
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Many tendons with oblique fibers between
ex deltoid, subscapularis |
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| The ability to respond to a stimulus |
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| The ability to shortan or contract |
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| The ability of a muscle to stretch or legthen when a force is applied |
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| The ability to recoil to return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed |
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| length of a muscle when it is unstimulated or when no forces of stresses are placed upon it |
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| is the force built up within the muscle |
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| 120% to 130% of resting length |
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When a muscles reaches a point where it cant shorten any farther
Suggest contraction and occurs to agonist |
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When a muscle cant be elongated any farther without damage to the fibers
Stretching, occurs to antagonist |
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| When more motor recruiting to increase tension |
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| Increase rate motor units are firing |
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| Represents weight or gravity |
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Axis located between force and resistance
for balence |
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Resistance is between force and axis
for power |
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Axis is located between resistance and axis
for increase range of motion |
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Same length
sqeeze buttcheeks or punch into hands |
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| Agnoist + Antagonist contract |
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| Supports, allows efficient work |
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| Works with another muscle |
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attachments move closer, movement against gravity
ex bicep curl contraction |
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Attachments move apart, movement with gravity
ex bicep curl extended |
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| The Study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement |
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| Applyng mechanical forces internal and external to the human body and studying the effect on the human body |
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| Erect posture, eyes straight ahead, heels nearly together, feet pointing slightly outward, arms at sides with palms facing forward |
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| Same as anatomical with exception of palms facing in toward respective legs |
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| Study of geometry of motion without regard to the forces that may act on the joint |
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| Forces that act on the body during movement |
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| Main muscle responsible for a certain movement |
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| Muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist |
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| Muscle that assists the primary muscle in carrying out an action |
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| Muscle that works with one or more other muscles to enhance a particular motion |
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| Muscle or muscle group that supports or makes firm, a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently |
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| Contracts to prevent unwanted motion when a muscle is able to do 2 or more actions |
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if distal end is fixed
ex doing a squat |
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If distal end is open
ex arm moving from side up to above head |
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| Movement occurs in a straight line, all parts move same distance, same direction, same time, same speed |
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| Movement of an object about a fixed point, all parts move at the same angle, same direction, at the same time...do not move the same distance |
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| Motion occuring within a joint in response to outside force |
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| Joint capsule and ligaments are taut, joint is stabilized, very little joint play available, intrascapular space is minimal |
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| Using a standard ruler to measure number of degrees of motion present |
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| Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, ribs and sternum |
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Shoulder girdle, bones of upper arm, forearm-wrist-hand
Pelvic girdle, bones of thighs-legs-ankles-feet |
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| Dense and strong, lies over spongy bone, most of the disphysis, protects, supports and resists stress |
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| Trabeculae, structure short, flat, and irregular bones, epiphysis of long bones, store marrow and provides some support |
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| Shaft (diaphysis), epiphysis (2 widened areas at ends), meduallary canal (interior of shaft marrow cavity), central core of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone |
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More cubical in shape
ex carpals and tarsals |
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Thin bone with curved broad surface
ex scapula, hip and patella |
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Variety of mixed shapes
ex vertebrea |
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Small rounded bones enclosed in tendon and fascial tissue, found adjacent to joints
ex patella |
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| Fibrous Connective tissue, covers outer surface of bones except at articular surfaces |
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| Delicate connective tissue, lines all cavities of bone, including marrow soaces and marrow cavities |
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| Projection and marked bony prominence |
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| Depress or cavity in or on a bone |
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| Any sharp, slender projection |
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| Rounded prominence, ususally found at point of articulation with another bone |
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| Large process for attachment of a muscle |
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| Process shaped like a pulley |
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| Less prominent ridge of bone than crest |
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| Narrow slit, often between two bones |
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| Origice through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass |
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| or canal-long, tube-like passage |
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