Term
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Definition
Meritocratic, Egalitarian, and Classless Society
-most societies are stratified into various social classes based on wealth and power |
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Term
| Group Similarities Constituting Social Class Groupings |
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Definition
Social classes based on group similarities of:
-weatlh
-income
-occupation
-lifestyle
-education
-social network |
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Term
| Class Based Life Chances and Experiences |
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Definition
social class and class differences tend to be reproduced across generations.
-Its a cycle of:
education-occupation-income-housing (cycle) |
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Term
| The Cycle of Class Reproduction |
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Definition
| -education-occupation-income-housing |
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Term
| Social Class and General Health Indicators |
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Definition
| Higher socioeconomic status, lower health problems |
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Term
| The Various Influence/Effects of Social Class on Lifestyle Experiences |
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Definition
based on cultural indicators:
-what we watch
-what we wear
-what we eat
-what we earn
-where we live
-where we work
-what we learn
-who we marry |
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Term
| How socioeconomic status is an indicator of health |
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Definition
education- access to health related info
occupation- access to health care
income- afford health care
lifestyle- access to a healthy diet and lifestyle |
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Term
| The embodied social class hierarchy |
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Definition
| different social classes participate in different activities |
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Term
| The embodied Upper Class sport |
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Definition
| Sailing, skiing, golf, tennis, fencing, riding |
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Term
| The embodied middle class sport |
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Definition
| walking, jogging, yoga, hiking, climbing |
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Term
| the embodied working class sport |
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Definition
| boxing, wrestling, body building, rugby |
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Term
| How can we account for sporting hierarchy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Economic capital determinant of sport |
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Definition
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Term
| social capital determinant of sport |
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Definition
| social networking connections |
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Term
| cultural capital determinant of sport |
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Definition
| learned preferences for particular sports |
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Term
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Definition
| our seemingly natural preferences |
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Term
| Class habitus is based on |
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Definition
| taste, preferences, and values |
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Term
| Habitus and Classed Body Cultures |
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Definition
Different habitus of social classes based on different:
attitudes toward/ experiences of/ expectations of/ relationships to:
Their bodies |
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Term
| Lower Class Habitus: Embodied Cultures of Poverty |
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Definition
-class culture centered on existance
-body used as instrument for profit
-physically demanding occupations
- |
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Term
| Middle Class Habitus: Embodied Cultures of Promotion |
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Definition
-investing in present for future physical benefits
-crafting body for well being and social acceptance |
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Term
| Upper Class Habitus: Embodied Cultures of Privilege |
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Definition
-leisure activities
-immediate gratification
-body used as an instrument of hedonistic pleasure: used to distinguish social standing |
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Term
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Definition
| The body is used as a form of conspicuous consumption through which social class is expressed to others |
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Term
| The Intersection Between Social Class and Race (Ethnicity) |
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Definition
| Race (ethnicity) is the modality in which class is lived |
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Term
| The Illusion, Mythology, Yet Consequences of Race and Racial Difference |
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Definition
We routinely understand our
experience, and ourselves in “racial”
as opposed to cultural/ethnic terms.
As if we are the natural and essential
embodiments of a particular racial
group, rather than being the products
of specific social-cultural-historic
forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| geographies, histories, practices, experiences, values, identities |
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Term
| The Diversity and Complexities of Whiteness |
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Definition
variations among white race based on socio-economic, sociospatial, and ethnic differences.
-rich
-poor
-urban
-rural
-suburban |
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Term
| Suburban Whiteness, Embodiments of Privilege, and Sporting Performance |
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Definition
suburbia =middle-class lifestyle cultures and habitus
-SOCCER is the default sporting practice for the suburban
middle class and has formed the appropriate physical activity for the suburban body |
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Term
| Urban Basketball, Working Class Habitus, and Ethnic Underprivilege |
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Definition
Historically grounded class/race based discrimination:
RESTRICTED educational opportunities and COMPROMISED
economic opportunities and health outcomes.
-black=urban=poverty
-basketball=working class |
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Term
| The Social and Cultural Determinants of Basketball Involvement |
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Definition
-socio-economic environment
-cultural modeling
-communal norm
-familial expectation
-personal aspiration
- |
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Term
| Native American Ethnicity and Sport/Physical Activity |
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Definition
oftentimes Native American sporting participation is motivated by elements of the LOWER CLASS HABITUS
=the use of the sporting/physically active body as
an important SOURCE OF PROFIT. |
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Term
| Sport and Ethnic Identity within Hispanic/Latino Communities |
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Definition
| People who self-identify as either Hispanic or Latino can come from a variety of different “racial” groupings. |
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Term
| Micro-Macro Levels of Sociological Analysis |
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Definition
macro- society
micro- individual |
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Term
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Definition
Ontology= the study of being/existence
-dialectical relationship:
=individuals are products and producers of society
--> we are shaped by society and we help shape society |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of UNEQUAL gender roles, identities, and experiences, which privilege the position of men. |
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Term
| Sport as a Gendered and Gendering Institution |
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Definition
| individuals become SOCIALIZED into the GENDERED SELVES (experiences, identities, and bodies) through their particular involvement (or lack of involvement) in sport)=dialectical |
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Term
| The Embodied Bases of Masculinity |
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Definition
| Strength, toughness, aggression, violence |
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Term
| The Social and Cultural Construction of the Sporting/Active Body |
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Definition
gendered experiences, identities and bodies are based on:
-ideological formations (beliefs)
-cultural texts ( media)
-cultural practices (rituals)
-institutional structures ( rules) |
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Term
| The Hyper-Masculine Centre of American Sport Culture |
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Definition
- Physical strength and stamina
- Physical toughness and bravery
- Capacity for physical violence
- Assumed/Compulsory Heterosexuality
- Unemotional pragmatism |
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Term
| The Primary Sources of Masculinity |
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Definition
-sporting prowess
-physical aggression
-sexual conquest |
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Term
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Definition
“Mosaic masculinities refers to the process by
which men negotiate masculinity, drawing upon
fragments or pieces of hegemonic masculinity
which they have the capacity to perform and
piecing them together to reformulate what
masculinity means to them in order to come up
with their own dominant standard of masculinity. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Hegemonic (Ideal Type)
2. Instrumental
3. Professional
4. Exercising
5. Cosmetic
6. Representative
7. Non-traditional
– Physically impaired |
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Term
| The Myth of Female Frailty/Physical Inferiority |
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Definition
With regard to physicality, there
exists a myth of female physical
weakness and inferiority (and by
inference one of male physical
strength and superiority).
When, in actuality, the physical
differences between males and
females tend to be somewhat
exaggerated… |
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Term
| Sources of emphasized femininity |
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Definition
-body shape and size
-body adornment
-physical activity |
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Term
| Emphasized feminine sport performances |
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Definition
-physical structure and form
-physical grace and beauty
-capacity for physical expression |
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Term
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Definition
| However, there are other elements of physical culture in which the individual has a perceived (and perhaps real) sense of control and autonomy over the shaping their bodies. |
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